वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-23, verse-5

एषां विलपितं कृच्छ्रमङ्गदस्य च शोचतः ।
मम चेमां गिरं श्रुत्वा किं त्वं न प्रतिबुध्यसे ॥५॥

5. eṣāṃ vilapitaṃ kṛcchramaṅgadasya ca śocataḥ ,
mama cemāṃ giraṃ śrutvā kiṃ tvaṃ na pratibudhyase.

5. eṣām vilapitam kṛcchram aṅgadasya ca śocataḥ mama
ca imām giram śrutvā kim tvam na pratibudhyase

5. eṣām kṛcchram vilapitam ca śocataḥ aṅgadasya ca
mama imām giram śrutvā tvam kim na pratibudhyase

5. Why do you not awaken, having heard the piteous lamentation of these (bears and monkeys), and of Angada who is grieving, as well as these words of mine?

Words meanings summery:

• एषाम् (eṣām) - Refers to the chiefs of bears and monkeys mentioned in the previous verse. (of these)

• विलपितम् (vilapitam) - lamentation, wailing

• कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - painful, difficult, piteous

• अङ्गदस्य (aṅgadasya) - of Angada

• च (ca) - and

• शोचतः (śocataḥ) - grieving, lamenting

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• च (ca) - and

• इमाम् (imām) - this

• गिरम् (giram) - word, speech, voice

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• किम् (kim) - why, what

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रतिबुध्यसे (pratibudhyase) - you awaken, you respond, you understand

Words meanings and morphology

एषाम् (eṣām) - Refers to the chiefs of bears and monkeys mentioned in the previous verse. (of these)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Possessive, relating to 'vilapitam'.

विलपितम् (vilapitam) - lamentation, wailing

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vilapita

vilapita - lamented, wailed (past passive participle); lamentation, wailing (noun)

Past Passive Participle

From root lap (to speak, lament) with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: lap (class 1)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

कृच्छ्रम् (kṛcchram) - painful, difficult, piteous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṛcchra

kṛcchra - difficult, painful, troublesome, miserable (adjective); distress, pain (noun)

Note: Agrees with 'vilapitam'.

अङ्गदस्य (aṅgadasya) - of Angada

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Angada (name of Vali's son)

Note: Possessive.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

शोचतः (śocataḥ) - grieving, lamenting

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śocat

śocat - grieving, lamenting (present active participle)

Present Active Participle

From root śuc (to grieve, sorrow, lament) (1st class, Parasmaipada). Genitive singular, masculine.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Participle acting as an adjective.

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Possessive.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Demonstrative.

गिरम् (giram) - word, speech, voice

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, word, voice, hymn

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root śru (5th class, Ubhayapada), with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive.

किम् (kim) - why, what

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Note: Subject of 'pratibudhyase'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negative particle.

प्रतिबुध्यसे (pratibudhyase) - you awaken, you respond, you understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of budh

Present Indicative

Root budh (4th class, Ātmanepada), with prefix 'prati-', 2nd person singular.

Prefix: prati

Root: budh (class 4)