वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-23, verse-12

पतिहीना तु या नारी कामं भवतु पुत्रिणी ।
धनधान्यैः सुपूर्णापि विधवेत्युच्यते बुधैः ॥१२॥

12. patihīnā tu yā nārī kāmaṃ bhavatu putriṇī ,
dhanadhānyaiḥ supūrṇāpi vidhavetyucyate budhaiḥ.

12. patihīnā tu yā nārī kāmam bhavatu putriṇī
dhanadhānyaiḥ supūrṇā api vidhavā iti ucyate budhaiḥ

12. tu yā nārī patihīnā kāmam putriṇī bhavatu
dhanadhānyaiḥ supūrṇā api budhaiḥ vidhavā iti ucyate

12. A woman who is without a husband, even if she has sons and is richly endowed with wealth and grain, is nevertheless called a widow by the wise.

Words meanings summery:

• पतिहीना (patihīnā) - without a husband (without a husband, husband-less)

• तु (tu) - however, nevertheless (but, indeed, however)

• या (yā) - which (woman) (which, who, whoever)

• नारी (nārī) - woman (woman, wife)

• कामम् (kāmam) - even, certainly (used concessively) (indeed, certainly, as much as one desires, perhaps)

• भवतु (bhavatu) - let her be (let it be, may it be, let her be)

• पुत्रिणी (putriṇī) - having sons (having sons, having children)

• धनधान्यैः (dhanadhānyaiḥ) - with wealth and grain (with wealth and grain, by riches and cereals)

• सुपूर्णा (supūrṇā) - well-endowed (well-filled, fully endowed, complete)

• अपि (api) - even, although (even, also, although)

• विधवा (vidhavā) - widow (widow, husband-less)

• इति (iti) - thus, as (a widow) (thus, so, in this manner)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is spoken of)

• बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise (by the wise, by learned men)

Words meanings and morphology

पतिहीना (patihīnā) - without a husband (without a husband, husband-less)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patihīna

patihīna - devoid of a husband, husband-less

Compound of pati (husband) and hīna (devoid of, lacking).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pati+hīna)

• pati – master, lord, husband
  noun (masculine)
• hīna – devoid of, lacking, inferior, abandoned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root hā (to abandon, quit, leave).
  Root: hā (class 3)

तु (tu) - however, nevertheless (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Adversative or emphatic particle.

Note: Introduces a contrasting idea.

या (yā) - which (woman) (which, who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, what

Relative pronoun stem.

Note: Relative pronoun.

नारी (nārī) - woman (woman, wife)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of nārī

nārī - woman, wife, female

Derived from nara (man).

कामम् (kāmam) - even, certainly (used concessively) (indeed, certainly, as much as one desires, perhaps)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of kāma (desire).

भवतु (bhavatu) - let her be (let it be, may it be, let her be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative mood, 3rd person singular.

Root bhū, 1st conjugation, Parasmaipada.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Implied subject nārī.

पुत्रिणी (putriṇī) - having sons (having sons, having children)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of putriṇī

putriṇī - having sons, having children

From putra (son) + iṇī (feminine possessive suffix).

Note: Predicate adjective.

धनधान्यैः (dhanadhānyaiḥ) - with wealth and grain (with wealth and grain, by riches and cereals)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of dhanadhānya

dhanadhānya - wealth and grain, riches and corn

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (dhana+dhānya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, money
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• dhānya – grain, corn, cereal
  noun (neuter)
  From dhāna (that which is held or sown).
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Denotes means/accompaniment.

सुपूर्णा (supūrṇā) - well-endowed (well-filled, fully endowed, complete)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of supūrṇa

supūrṇa - well-filled, abundant, complete, fully endowed

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (well) and pūrṇa (full, filled). Root pṛ (to fill).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+pūrṇa)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• pūrṇa – full, complete, fulfilled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root pṛ (to fill).
  Root: pṛ (class 9)

अपि (api) - even, although (even, also, although)

(indeclinable)

Concessive particle.

विधवा (vidhavā) - widow (widow, husband-less)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of vidhavā

vidhavā - widow, husband-less woman

From prefix vi (without) + dhava (husband).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (vi+dhava)

• vi – apart, away, without
  indeclinable
• dhava – husband, supporter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative.

इति (iti) - thus, as (a widow) (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

Particle used to mark direct speech, or to mean 'thus'/'as'.

उच्यते (ucyate) - is called (is said, is called, is spoken of)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (lat) of vac

Present tense, 3rd person singular, Passive voice.

Root vac (becomes uc in passive/middle forms), 2nd conjugation.

Root: vac (class 2)

बुधैः (budhaiḥ) - by the wise (by the wise, by learned men)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of budha

budha - wise, learned, intelligent person, Mercury

From root budh (to know, understand).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Agent in a passive construction.