वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-23, verse-25

अभिवादयमानं त्वामङ्गदं त्वं यथापुरा ।
दीर्घायुर्भव पुत्रेति किमर्थं नाभिभाषसे ॥२५॥

25. abhivādayamānaṃ tvāmaṅgadaṃ tvaṃ yathāpurā ,
dīrghāyurbhava putreti kimarthaṃ nābhibhāṣase.

25. abhivādayamānam tvām aṅgadam tvam yathāpurā
dīrghāyuḥ bhava putra iti kimartham na abhibhāṣase

25. tvam yathāpurā tvām abhivādayamānam aṅgadam putra
dīrghāyuḥ bhava iti kimartham na abhibhāṣase

25. Why do you not address Angada, who is saluting you, and say 'Be long-lived, O son,' as you did formerly?

Words meanings summery:

• अभिवादयमानम् (abhivādayamānam) - saluting, bowing down, showing respect

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you

• अङ्गदम् (aṅgadam) - Angada

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• यथापुरा (yathāpurā) - as before, as formerly, as in the past

• दीर्घायुः (dīrghāyuḥ) - long-lived, having a long life

• भव (bhava) - be, become

• पुत्र (putra) - O son

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose, for what reason

• न (na) - not, no

• अभिभाषसे (abhibhāṣase) - you speak to, you address, you talk to

Words meanings and morphology

अभिवादयमानम् (abhivādayamānam) - saluting, bowing down, showing respect

(nominal form)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhivādayamāna

abhivādayamāna - saluting, bowing down, showing respect

Present Middle Participle

From 'abhi' + root 'vad' (to speak), causative, with middle ending.

Prefix: abhi

Root: vad (class 1)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular or plural)

2nd person singular pronoun

Note: Object of 'abhivādayamānam'.

अङ्गदम् (aṅgadam) - Angada

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṅgada

aṅgada - Angada (name of a son of Vālin)

Note: Object of 'abhibhāṣase'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular or plural)

2nd person singular pronoun

Note: Subject of 'abhibhāṣase'.

यथापुरा (yathāpurā) - as before, as formerly, as in the past

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'yathā' (as) and 'purā' (formerly).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+purā)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• purā – formerly, in the past, anciently
  indeclinable

Note: Adverb modifying 'abhibhāṣase'.

दीर्घायुः (dīrghāyuḥ) - long-lived, having a long life

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīrghāyu

dīrghāyu - long-lived, endowed with a long life

Compound of 'dīrgha' (long) and 'āyu' (life).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dīrgha+āyu)

• dīrgha – long, extended, prolonged
  adjective (masculine)
• āyu – life, duration of life, vital power
  noun (neuter)
  Root: i (class 2)

भव (bhava) - be, become

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of bhū

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular

Root 'bhū' (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)

पुत्र (putra) - O son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Part of the quoted speech.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why, for what purpose, for what reason

(indeclinable)

Compound of 'kim' (what) and 'artham' (purpose).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, which, why
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Particle of negation

Note: Negates 'abhibhāṣase'.

अभिभाषसे (abhibhāṣase) - you speak to, you address, you talk to

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhibhāṣ

Present tense, 2nd person singular

From 'abhi' + root 'bhāṣ' (to speak), middle voice.

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)