वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-6

भरतं प्रत्युवाचेदं कौसल्या भृशदुःखिता ।
इदं ते राज्यकामस्य राज्यं प्राप्तमकण्टकम् ।
संप्राप्तं बत कैकेय्या शीघ्रं क्रूरेण कर्मणा ॥६॥

6. bharataṃ pratyuvācedaṃ kausalyā bhṛśaduḥkhitā ,
idaṃ te rājyakāmasya rājyaṃ prāptamakaṇṭakam ,
saṃprāptaṃ bata kaikeyyā śīghraṃ krūreṇa karmaṇā.

6. bharatam prati uvāca idam kausalyā
bhṛśaduḥkhitā idam te rājyakāmasya
rājyam prāptam akaṇṭakam samprāptam
bata kaikeyyā śīghram krūreṇa karmaṇā

6. bhṛśaduḥkhitā kausalyā bharatam prati
idam uvāca rājyakāmasya te idam
akaṇṭakam rājyam samprāptam bata kaikeyyā
krūreṇa karmaṇā śīghram samprāptam

6. Deeply grieved, Kausalya replied to Bharata: "This kingdom, which you desired, is now yours, obtained without opposition. Alas! Kaikeyi has quickly acquired it through a cruel deed (karma)."

Words meanings summery:

• भरतम् (bharatam) - to Bharata

• प्रति (prati) - towards, to, in front of, against

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, replied

• इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

• भृशदुःखिता (bhṛśaduḥkhitā) - deeply grieved, extremely sorrowful

• इदम् (idam) - this

• ते (te) - your, to you

• राज्यकामस्य (rājyakāmasya) - of one who desires kingship/kingdom

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

• प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, gained, received

• अकण्टकम् (akaṇṭakam) - without thorns, unopposed, undisputed, secure

• सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - fully obtained, completely gained

• बत (bata) - alas!, ah!, indeed

• कैकेय्या (kaikeyyā) - by Kaikeyi

• शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

• क्रूरेण (krūreṇa) - by cruel, by fierce

• कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, by (karma)

Words meanings and morphology

भरतम् (bharatam) - to Bharata

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (proper name); bearing, maintaining, a warrior

प्रति (prati) - towards, to, in front of, against

(indeclinable)

Note: Often governs accusative case, here with 'uvāca' implies 'replied to'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke, replied

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular, perfect active, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

इदम् (idam) - this, this (statement)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to the following speech.

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (proper name, mother of Rama)

भृशदुःखिता (bhṛśaduḥkhitā) - deeply grieved, extremely sorrowful

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhṛśaduḥkhita

bhṛśaduḥkhita - deeply grieved, extremely sorrowful

Compound type : tatpurusha (bhṛśa+duḥkhita)

• bhṛśa – much, exceedingly, greatly
  indeclinable
• duḥkhita – grieved, sorrowful, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root duḥkh (to suffer) + kta suffix
  Root: duḥkh (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Kausalya.

इदम् (idam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this (neuter demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to 'rājyam'.

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

2nd person singular, dative/genitive case, enclitic form

Note: Possessive pronoun referring to Bharata.

राज्यकामस्य (rājyakāmasya) - of one who desires kingship/kingdom

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājyakāma

rājyakāma - desiring a kingdom

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājya+kāma)

• rājya – kingdom, sovereignty
  noun (neuter)
• kāma – desire, love; desiring (suffix)
  noun (masculine)
  from root kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies Bharata (implied by 'te').

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, sovereignty

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty

Note: Subject of the sentence 'idam rājyam... prāptam'.

प्राप्तम् (prāptam) - obtained, gained, received

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, gained, received

Past Passive Participle

from root āp (to obtain) with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'.

अकण्टकम् (akaṇṭakam) - without thorns, unopposed, undisputed, secure

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of akaṇṭaka

akaṇṭaka - without thorns, free from obstacles, undisputed

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+kaṇṭaka)

• a – not, un-, without (negative prefix)
  indeclinable
• kaṇṭaka – thorn, obstacle, enemy
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'.

सम्प्राप्तम् (samprāptam) - fully obtained, completely gained

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samprāpta

samprāpta - fully obtained, completely gained

Past Passive Participle

from root āp (to obtain) with prefixes sam + pra

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Emphasizes the completion of obtaining the kingdom. Agrees with 'rājyam'.

बत (bata) - alas!, ah!, indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Expresses sorrow or lament.

कैकेय्या (kaikeyyā) - by Kaikeyi

(proper noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyi (proper name, mother of Bharata)

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'samprāptam'.

शीघ्रम् (śīghram) - quickly, swiftly

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use, modifying 'samprāptam'.

क्रूरेण (krūreṇa) - by cruel, by fierce

(adjective)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, fierce, harsh

Note: Agrees with 'karmaṇā'.

कर्मणा (karmaṇā) - by action, by deed, by (karma)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, ritual, (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: The means by which the kingdom was obtained.

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