वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-30

तथा तु शपथैः कष्टैः शपमानमचेतनम् ।
भरतं शोकसंतप्तं कौसल्या वाक्यमब्रवीत् ॥३०॥

30. tathā tu śapathaiḥ kaṣṭaiḥ śapamānamacetanam ,
bharataṃ śokasaṃtaptaṃ kausalyā vākyamabravīt.

30. tathā tu śapathaiḥ kaṣṭaiḥ śapamānam acetanam
bharatam śokasaṃtaptam kausalyā vākyam abravīt

30. kausalyā śokasaṃtaptam acetanam śapathaiḥ kaṣṭaiḥ
śapamānam bharatam tathā tu vākyam abravīt

30. Kausalya then spoke these words to Bharata, who was distraught with grief, bewildered, and repeatedly taking difficult oaths.

Words meanings summery:

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

• शपथैः (śapathaiḥ) - by oaths, by curses

• कष्टैः (kaṣṭaiḥ) - (by) difficult (oaths) (by harsh, difficult, painful (things or actions))

• शपमानम् (śapamānam) - (Bharata) swearing oaths (swearing, taking an oath, cursing)

• अचेतनम् (acetanam) - (Bharata) bewildered (unconscious, senseless, bewildered, ignorant)

• भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata

• शोकसंतप्तम् (śokasaṁtaptam) - (Bharata) distraught with grief (afflicted by sorrow, grief-stricken)

• कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, statement, speech

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, yet, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

शपथैः (śapathaiḥ) - by oaths, by curses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śapatha

śapatha - oath, curse

From root śap- (to curse, to swear)

Root: śap (class 1)

कष्टैः (kaṣṭaiḥ) - (by) difficult (oaths) (by harsh, difficult, painful (things or actions))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, painful, harsh, evil

Note: Agrees with śapathaiḥ

शपमानम् (śapamānam) - (Bharata) swearing oaths (swearing, taking an oath, cursing)

(verbal derivative)

Note: Used as an adjective for Bharata

अचेतनम् (acetanam) - (Bharata) bewildered (unconscious, senseless, bewildered, ignorant)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of acetana

acetana - unconscious, senseless, bewildered, ignorant

Negative compound (a + cetana)

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+cetana)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• cetana – conscious, sentient, intelligent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with Bharatam

भरतम् (bharatam) - Bharata

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bharata

bharata - Bharata (name of a king, a brother of Rama)

शोकसंतप्तम् (śokasaṁtaptam) - (Bharata) distraught with grief (afflicted by sorrow, grief-stricken)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śokasaṃtapta

śokasaṁtapta - afflicted by sorrow, grief-stricken, tormented by grief

Compound type : tatpurusha (śoka+saṃtapta)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, anguish
  noun (masculine)
• saṃtapta – heated, afflicted, tormented, distressed
  verbal derivative (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root tap- (to heat, to torment) with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Bharatam

कौसल्या (kausalyā) - Kausalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (mother of Rama)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, statement, speech

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, statement, speech

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

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