वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-21

उपदिष्टं सुसूक्ष्मार्थं शास्त्रं यत्नेन धीमता ।
स नाशयतु दुष्टात्मा यस्यार्यो ऽनुमते गतः ॥२१॥

21. upadiṣṭaṃ susūkṣmārthaṃ śāstraṃ yatnena dhīmatā ,
sa nāśayatu duṣṭātmā yasyāryo'numate gataḥ.

21. upadiṣṭam susūkṣmārtham śāstram yatnena dhīmatā
saḥ nāśayatu duṣṭātmā yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

21. dhīmatā yatnena upadiṣṭam susūkṣmārtham śāstram
saḥ duṣṭātmā nāśayatu yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

21. Let the evil-minded person (duṣṭātman), by whose consent a noble person has departed, destroy the scripture (śāstra) that, with very subtle meaning, was carefully taught by an intelligent one.

Words meanings summery:

• उपदिष्टम् (upadiṣṭam) - taught (by an intelligent one) (taught, instructed, indicated)

• सुसूक्ष्मार्थम् (susūkṣmārtham) - having a very subtle meaning, of very subtle import

• शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture (scripture, treatise, science, teaching)

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - carefully (with effort, carefully, diligently)

• धीमता (dhīmatā) - by an intelligent one (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

• सः (saḥ) - that (evil-minded person) (that, he)

• नाशयतु (nāśayatu) - let him destroy (let him destroy, may he cause to perish)

• दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - evil-minded one, wicked person

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble person (noble, respected, honorable person)

• अनुमते (anumate) - by consent (of that person) (by consent, with approval, according to the opinion)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from him) (gone, departed, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

उपदिष्टम् (upadiṣṭam) - taught (by an intelligent one) (taught, instructed, indicated)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of upadiṣṭa

upadiṣṭa - taught, instructed, advised

Past Passive Participle

From root diś (to point, show) with upasarga upa, plus kta suffix.

Prefix: upa

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: The meaning is 'that which was taught'.

सुसूक्ष्मार्थम् (susūkṣmārtham) - having a very subtle meaning, of very subtle import

(adjective)

neuter, singular of susūkṣmārtha

susūkṣmārtha - having a very subtle meaning, profound, abstruse

Compound of 'su' (good/very) and 'sūkṣmārtha'.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+sūkṣmārtha)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating excellence or intensity.
• sūkṣmārtha – subtle meaning
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'sūkṣma' and 'artha'.
• sūkṣma – subtle, fine, minute
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• artha – meaning, purpose, object
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śāstram'.

शास्त्रम् (śāstram) - scripture (scripture, treatise, science, teaching)

(noun)

neuter, singular of śāstra

śāstra - scripture, sacred book, scientific treatise, teaching, rule

From root śās (to teach, instruct).

Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Can be nominative (subject of the destruction) or accusative (object of 'upadiṣṭam' if interpreted as 'that which was taught'). Given 'nāśayatu' transitive, 'śāstram' is the object, so accusative.

यत्नेन (yatnena) - carefully (with effort, carefully, diligently)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, care, diligence

From root yat (to strive).

Root: yat (class 1)

Note: Describes how the teaching was done.

धीमता (dhīmatā) - by an intelligent one (by the intelligent one, by the wise one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dhīmat

dhīmat - intelligent, wise, discerning, an intelligent person

From 'dhī' (intellect) with the possessive suffix '-mat'.

Note: Agent of 'upadiṣṭam'.

सः (saḥ) - that (evil-minded person) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Third person demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the person being cursed.

नाशयतु (nāśayatu) - let him destroy (let him destroy, may he cause to perish)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nāś

imperative (causative)

Causative form of root naś (to perish, disappear), 3rd person singular imperative, active voice.

Root: naś (class 4)

दुष्टात्मा (duṣṭātmā) - evil-minded one, wicked person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duṣṭātman

duṣṭātman - evil-minded, wicked, having a corrupt soul (ātman)

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'duṣṭa' and 'ātman'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (duṣṭa+ātman)

• duṣṭa – corrupted, bad, evil
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root duṣ (to corrupt, spoil).
  Root: duṣ (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, individual consciousness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: at (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'nāśayatu'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the person being cursed.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble person (noble, respected, honorable person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable, a noble person

From root ṛ (to go) + ya.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

अनुमते (anumate) - by consent (of that person) (by consent, with approval, according to the opinion)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anumati

anumati - consent, permission, approval, opinion

From anu-man (to agree, approve).

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Literally 'in the approval/consent'.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from him) (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'āryaḥ'.

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