वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-16

कारयित्वा महत् कर्म भर्ता भृत्यमनर्थकम् ।
अधर्मो यो ऽस्य सो ऽस्यास्तु यस्यार्यो ऽनुमते गतः ॥१६॥

16. kārayitvā mahat karma bhartā bhṛtyamanarthakam ,
adharmo yo'sya so'syāstu yasyāryo'numate gataḥ.

16. kārayitvā mahat karma bhartā bhṛtyam anarthakam adharmaḥ
yaḥ asya saḥ asya astu yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

16. yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ,
yaḥ adharmaḥ asya,
saḥ asya astu,
bhartā bhṛtyam mahat anarthakam karma kārayitvā

16. May the unrighteousness (adharma) that belongs to a master (bhartā) who, having caused his servant (bhṛtya) to perform a great, useless task (karma), befall him, the one by whose consent the noble one (ārya) departed.

Words meanings summery:

• कारयित्वा (kārayitvā) - having caused to do, having made perform

• महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

• कर्म (karma) - task, work (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action)

• भर्ता (bhartā) - a master, a husband, supporter

• भृत्यम् (bhṛtyam) - a servant, employee

• अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - useless, meaningless, fruitless

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of dharma

• यः (yaḥ) - which, who

• अस्य (asya) - of this (master) (his, of him)

• सः (saḥ) - that (adharma) (that, he)

• अस्य (asya) - upon him (the cursed person) (to him, for him, of him)

• अस्तु (astu) - may it be, let it be

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - the noble one (ārya), referring to Rama (noble one, honorable person)

• अनुमते (anumate) - with consent, by permission, according to the wish

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

Words meanings and morphology

कारयित्वा (kārayitvā) - having caused to do, having made perform

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive suffix 'tvā' applied to the causative stem 'kāraya-' of root 'kṛ'.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

महत् (mahat) - great, large, important

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, strong, important, mighty

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - task, work (karma) (action, deed, work, ritual action)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - action, deed, work, duty, fate, ritual (karma)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

भर्ता (bhartā) - a master, a husband, supporter

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - supporter, nourisher, master, husband

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Acts as the agent of 'kārayitvā' and the implicit source of 'adharmaḥ'.

भृत्यम् (bhṛtyam) - a servant, employee

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - a servant, an employee, one who is to be supported

Gerundive

Derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, support) with suffix '-tya', implying 'to be supported/served'.

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of the causative verb 'kārayitvā'.

अनर्थकम् (anarthakam) - useless, meaningless, fruitless

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anarthaka

anarthaka - useless, unprofitable, meaningless, vain

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+arthaka)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• arthaka – having purpose, having meaning, wealthy
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness, injustice, violation of dharma

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, impiety, injustice, sin, what is contrary to natural law (adharma)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the curse, referring to the sin incurred by the master.

यः (yaḥ) - which, who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to 'adharmaḥ'.

अस्य (asya) - of this (master) (his, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'bhartā' (master) described by the action.

सः (saḥ) - that (adharma) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Corresponds to 'yaḥ adharmaḥ'.

अस्य (asya) - upon him (the cursed person) (to him, for him, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Here used with a dative sense ('to him' or 'upon him') for the person being cursed.

अस्तु (astu) - may it be, let it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the person who gave consent.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - the noble one (ārya), referring to Rama (noble one, honorable person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable; a noble person (ārya)

अनुमते (anumate) - with consent, by permission, according to the wish

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of anumata

anumata - consented, approved, permitted

Past Passive Participle

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'with consent'.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, passed, reached

Past Passive Participle

Root: gam (class 1)

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