वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-25

उभे संध्ये शयानस्य यत् पापं परिकल्प्यते ।
तच्च पापं भवेत्तस्य यस्यार्यो ऽनुमते गतः ॥२५॥

25. ubhe saṃdhye śayānasya yat pāpaṃ parikalpyate ,
tacca pāpaṃ bhavettasya yasyāryo'numate gataḥ.

25. ubhe sandhye śayānasya yat pāpam parikalpyate |
tat ca pāpam bhavet tasya yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

25. tat ca pāpam tasya bhavet,
yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ,
yat pāpam ubhe sandhye śayānasya parikalpyate

25. Whatever sin is incurred by one who sleeps during both twilight periods, may that sin fall upon him—he, by whose consent a noble person has departed.

Words meanings summery:

• उभे (ubhe) - both

• सन्ध्ये (sandhye) - both twilight periods (two twilight periods, two junctures (dawn and dusk))

• शयानस्य (śayānasya) - of one who sleeps (of one who is lying down, of one who is sleeping)

• यत् (yat) - which, whatever

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• परिकल्प्यते (parikalpyate) - is incurred (meaning, it is a sin that is assigned or falls upon one) (is imagined, is assumed, is prescribed, is incurred)

• तत् (tat) - that very sin (that)

• च (ca) - and, also

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may it befall (as a curse) (may it be, may it happen)

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• यस्य (yasya) - of him by whom (referring to the person cursed) (whose, of whom)

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - noble person, honorable one, respectable

• अनुमते (anumate) - with consent, with permission, by agreement

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (gone, departed, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

उभे (ubhe) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Qualifies 'sandhye'.

सन्ध्ये (sandhye) - both twilight periods (two twilight periods, two junctures (dawn and dusk))

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, dual of sandhyā

sandhyā - twilight, juncture, dawn, dusk

Note: The periods of dawn and dusk, important for daily rituals.

शयानस्य (śayānasya) - of one who sleeps (of one who is lying down, of one who is sleeping)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śayana

śayana - lying down, sleeping

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root śī (to lie down, sleep)

Root: śī (class 2)

यत् (yat) - which, whatever

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, whatever, that

Note: Refers to 'pāpam'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness

परिकल्प्यते (parikalpyate) - is incurred (meaning, it is a sin that is assigned or falls upon one) (is imagined, is assumed, is prescribed, is incurred)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of parikḷp

Present 3rd singular passive

Prefix: pari

Root: kḷp (class 10)

तत् (tat) - that very sin (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Refers to 'pāpam'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin, evil, wickedness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wickedness

भवेत् (bhavet) - may it befall (as a curse) (may it be, may it happen)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative 3rd singular active

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Expresses a wish or possibility, here a curse.

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person being cursed.

यस्य (yasya) - of him by whom (referring to the person cursed) (whose, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to the 'saḥ nirghṛṇaḥ' implicitly from the prior verses.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - noble person, honorable one, respectable

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, honorable, respectable person

अनुमते (anumate) - with consent, with permission, by agreement

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anumati

anumati - consent, permission, agreement

Prefix: anu

Root: man

Note: Locative case indicates 'with respect to' or 'in the matter of', here implying 'with the consent of'.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'āryaḥ'.

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