वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-20

हस्त्यश्वरथसंबाधे युद्धे शस्त्रसमाकुले ।
मा स्म कार्षीत् सतां धर्मं यस्यार्यो ऽनुमते गतः ॥२०॥

20. hastyaśvarathasaṃbādhe yuddhe śastrasamākule ,
mā sma kārṣīt satāṃ dharmaṃ yasyāryo'numate gataḥ.

20. hastyaśvarathasaṃbādhe yuddhe śastrasamākule mā
sma kārṣīt satām dharmam yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

20. yuddhe hastyaśvarathasaṃbādhe śastrasamākule satām
dharmam mā sma kārṣīt yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

20. In a battle crowded with elephants, horses, and chariots, and filled with weapons, let him not uphold the righteous conduct (dharma) of the virtuous, the one by whose consent a noble person has departed.

Words meanings summery:

• हस्त्यश्वरथसंबाधे (hastyaśvarathasaṁbādhe) - in a throng of elephants, horses, and chariots

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• शस्त्रसमाकुले (śastrasamākule) - crowded with weapons, full of weapons

• मा (mā) - do not (for prohibition) (do not, not)

• स्म (sma) - used with 'mā' to form a strong prohibition (Aorist imperative) ((particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis))

• कार्षीत् (kārṣīt) - let him not perform/do (let him do, may he do (negative command))

• सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (people) (of the good, of the virtuous, of the existing ones)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - the righteous conduct (dharma) (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma))

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble person (noble, respected, honorable person)

• अनुमते (anumate) - by consent (of that person) (by consent, with approval, according to the opinion)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from him) (gone, departed, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

हस्त्यश्वरथसंबाधे (hastyaśvarathasaṁbādhe) - in a throng of elephants, horses, and chariots

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of hastyaśvarathasaṃbādha

hastyaśvarathasaṁbādha - throng of elephants, horses, and chariots

Compound of 'hastin', 'aśva', 'ratha', and 'saṃbādha'.

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (hastin+aśva+ratha+saṃbādha)

• hastin – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ram (class 1)
• saṃbādha – crowd, throng, narrow passage
  noun (masculine)
  From sam-bādh (to press together).
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bādh (class 1)

Note: Adjectival usage modifying 'yuddhe'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle (from yudh) used as noun.

From root yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

शस्त्रसमाकुले (śastrasamākule) - crowded with weapons, full of weapons

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śastrasamākula

śastrasamākula - crowded with weapons, filled with weapons

Compound of 'śastra' and 'samākula'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śastra+samākula)

• śastra – weapon, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root śas (to cut).
  Root: śas (class 2)
• samākula – crowded, filled, agitated
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam-ā-kul (to throng, crowd).
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: kul (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

मा (mā) - do not (for prohibition) (do not, not)

(indeclinable)

Used with aorist for prohibition.

स्म (sma) - used with 'mā' to form a strong prohibition (Aorist imperative) ((particle indicating past tense with present verbs, or emphasis))

(indeclinable)

Particle.

कार्षीत् (kārṣīt) - let him not perform/do (let him do, may he do (negative command))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist imperative (prohibitive)

Root aorist, 3rd person singular, active voice. Used with `mā sma` for prohibition.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Represents a strong prohibition.

सताम् (satām) - of the virtuous (people) (of the good, of the virtuous, of the existing ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of sat

sat - being, existing, good, virtuous, noble person

Present Active Participle (substantivized)

From root as (to be) + śatṛ suffix. Used as a noun meaning 'the good/virtuous ones'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Used as a noun in the plural.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - the righteous conduct (dharma) (duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature (dharma))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

From root dhṛ (to hold, sustain).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'kārṣīt'.

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the person being cursed.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble person (noble, respected, honorable person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable, a noble person

From root ṛ (to go) + ya.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

अनुमते (anumate) - by consent (of that person) (by consent, with approval, according to the opinion)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anumati

anumati - consent, permission, approval, opinion

From anu-man (to agree, approve).

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Literally 'in the approval/consent'.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from him) (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'āryaḥ'.

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