वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-18

बलिषड्भागमुद्धृत्य नृपस्यारक्षतः प्रजाः ।
अधर्मो यो ऽस्य सो ऽस्यास्तु यस्यार्यो ऽनुमते गतः ॥१८॥

18. baliṣaḍbhāgamuddhṛtya nṛpasyārakṣataḥ prajāḥ ,
adharmo yo'sya so'syāstu yasyāryo'numate gataḥ.

18. baliṣaḍbhāgam uddhṛtya nṛpasya ārakṣataḥ prajāḥ adharmaḥ
yaḥ asya saḥ asya astu yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

18. nṛpasya yaḥ baliṣaḍbhāgam uddhṛtya prajāḥ ārakṣataḥ
adharmaḥ saḥ asya astu yasya āryaḥ anumate gataḥ

18. The king who levies a sixth part as tax but fails to protect his subjects incurs a sin (adharma). Let that sin (adharma) fall upon the one by whose consent a noble person has departed.

Words meanings summery:

• बलिषड्भागम् (baliṣaḍbhāgam) - a sixth part of tribute/tax

• उद्धृत्य (uddhṛtya) - having collected (tribute) (having collected, having drawn out, having taken)

• नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king

• आरक्षतः (ārakṣataḥ) - (of the king) not protecting (not protecting, of one not protecting)

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (of the king) (subjects, people, progeny)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - sin (incurred by the king) (unrighteousness, injustice, demerit, sin)

• यः (yaḥ) - which (sin) (which, who)

• अस्य (asya) - of him (the king) (of him, his)

• सः (saḥ) - that (sin) (that, he)

• अस्य (asya) - of him (the one by whose consent the noble person departed) (of him, his)

• अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble person (noble, respected, honorable person)

• अनुमते (anumate) - by consent (of that person) (by consent, with approval, according to the opinion)

• गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from him) (gone, departed, reached)

Words meanings and morphology

बलिषड्भागम् (baliṣaḍbhāgam) - a sixth part of tribute/tax

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of baliṣaḍbhāga

baliṣaḍbhāga - a sixth part of the king's share, a sixth part of tribute

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bali+ṣaṣ+bhāga)

• bali – tribute, offering, tax
  noun (masculine)
• ṣaṣ – six
  numeral
• bhāga – share, portion, part
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 7)

उद्धृत्य (uddhṛtya) - having collected (tribute) (having collected, having drawn out, having taken)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Formed from root dhṛ with upasarga ud, plus -tya suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नृपस्य (nṛpasya) - of the king

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler

Formed from nṛ (man) + pā (to protect).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pā)

• nṛ – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• pā – protector, guardian
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)

आरक्षतः (ārakṣataḥ) - (of the king) not protecting (not protecting, of one not protecting)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ārakṣat

ārakṣat - not protecting, failing to protect

Present Active Participle (negative)

Formed from the root rakṣ (to protect) with upasarga ā, and negative prefix a-, plus śatṛ suffix.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+rakṣat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• rakṣat – protecting
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From root rakṣ (to protect) with śatṛ suffix.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpasya'.

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects (of the king) (subjects, people, progeny)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, offspring, progeny

From pra-jan (to generate forth).

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - sin (incurred by the king) (unrighteousness, injustice, demerit, sin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, demerit, sin, violation of natural law (dharma)

Compound of 'a' (negative prefix) and 'dharma'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, sustain).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sin incurred by the king.

यः (yaḥ) - which (sin) (which, who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to 'adharmaḥ'.

अस्य (asya) - of him (the king) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Third person demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the king.

सः (saḥ) - that (sin) (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Third person demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'adharmaḥ'.

अस्य (asya) - of him (the one by whose consent the noble person departed) (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Third person demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the person being cursed.

अस्तु (astu) - let it be, may it be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of as

imperative

Third person singular imperative.

Root: as (class 2)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to the person being cursed.

आर्यः (āryaḥ) - a noble person (noble, respected, honorable person)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ārya

ārya - noble, respectable, honorable, a noble person

From root ṛ (to go) + ya.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

अनुमते (anumate) - by consent (of that person) (by consent, with approval, according to the opinion)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of anumati

anumati - consent, permission, approval, opinion

From anu-man (to agree, approve).

Prefix: anu

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Literally 'in the approval/consent'.

गतः (gataḥ) - departed (from him) (gone, departed, reached)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, understood

Past Passive Participle

From root gam (to go) + kta suffix.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'āryaḥ'.

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