वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-69, verse-29

विहीनां पतिपुत्राभ्यां कौसल्यां पार्थिवात्मजः ।
एवमाश्वसयन्नेव दुःखार्तो निपपात ह ॥२९॥

29. vihīnāṃ patiputrābhyāṃ kausalyāṃ pārthivātmajaḥ ,
evamāśvasayanneva duḥkhārto nipapāta ha.

29. vihīnām pati-putrābhyām kausalyām pārthiva-ātmajaḥ
| evam āśvasayan eva duḥkha-ārtaḥ nipapāta ha

29. pati-putrābhyām vihīnām kausalyām,
pārthivātmajaḥ evam āśvasayan eva,
duḥkhārtaḥ ha nipapāta

29. The king's son, Bharata, thus consoling Kausalya, who was bereft of both her husband and sons, himself afflicted by sorrow, indeed fell down.

Words meanings summery:

• विहीनाम् (vihīnām) - bereft, deprived, abandoned (feminine accusative singular)

• पति-पुत्राभ्याम् (pati-putrābhyām) - by husband and sons, from husband and sons

• कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya (feminine accusative singular)

• पार्थिव-आत्मजः (pārthiva-ātmajaḥ) - Refers to Bharata, the son of King Dasaratha. (the king's son, royal prince)

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

• आश्वसयन् (āśvasayan) - consoling, reassuring

• एव (eva) - only, indeed, even

• दुःख-आर्तः (duḥkha-ārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by misery

• निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

• ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

Words meanings and morphology

विहीनाम् (vihīnām) - bereft, deprived, abandoned (feminine accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vihīna

vihīna - bereft, deprived, abandoned, destitute

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'hā' (to abandon, forsake) with the prefix 'vi'.

Prefix: vi

Root: hā (class 3)

पति-पुत्राभ्याम् (pati-putrābhyām) - by husband and sons, from husband and sons

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pati-putra

pati-putra - husband and son(s)

Dvanda compound of 'pati' (husband) and 'putra' (son).

Compound type : dvandva (pati+putra)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Can also be ablative dual, but 'bereft of' suggests instrumental (by means of lack) or ablative (from being separated).

कौसल्याम् (kausalyām) - Kausalya (feminine accusative singular)

(proper noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kausalyā

kausalyā - Kausalya (name of Dasaratha's senior queen and Rama's mother)

पार्थिव-आत्मजः (pārthiva-ātmajaḥ) - Refers to Bharata, the son of King Dasaratha. (the king's son, royal prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthivātmaja

pārthivātmaja - son of a king, royal prince

Compound formed from 'pārthiva' (king) and 'ātmaja' (son, lit. born of self).

Compound type : tatpurusha (pārthiva+ātmaja)

• pārthiva – royal, belonging to the earth, king
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'pṛthivī' (earth).
• ātmaja – son, born of oneself
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'ātman' (self) and 'ja' (born).

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner, so

(indeclinable)

आश्वसयन् (āśvasayan) - consoling, reassuring

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of āśvasayat

āśvasayat - consoling, reassuring (present participle)

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root 'śvas' (to breathe, to trust) with the prefix 'ā' and causative suffix, indicating 'causing to breathe freely' or 'comforting'.

Prefix: ā

Root: śvas (class 2)

एव (eva) - only, indeed, even

(indeclinable)

दुःख-आर्तः (duḥkha-ārtaḥ) - distressed by sorrow, afflicted by misery

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duḥkhārta

duḥkhārta - afflicted by sorrow, distressed by pain

Tatpurusha compound of 'duḥkha' (sorrow, pain) and 'ārta' (afflicted), which is a past passive participle of the root 'ṛ' or 'art'.

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+ārta)

• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery, suffering
  noun (neuter)
• ārta – afflicted, distressed, pained
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'ṛ' (to go, to move) or 'art' (to pain, to suffer).
  Root: ṛ (class 1)

निपपात (nipapāta) - fell down

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of nipat

Prefix: ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ह (ha) - indeed, certainly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

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