वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-59, verse-16

देवलोकगतं दृष्ट्वा त्रिशङ्कुं पाकशासनः ।
सह सर्वैः सुरगणैरिदं वचनमब्रवीत् ॥१६॥

16. devalokagataṃ dṛṣṭvā triśaṅkuṃ pākaśāsanaḥ ,
saha sarvaiḥ suragaṇairidaṃ vacanamabravīt.

16. devaloka-gatam dṛṣṭvā triśaṅkum pākaśāsanaḥ
saha sarvaiḥ sura-gaṇaiḥ idam vacanam abravīt

16. pākaśāsanaḥ sarvaiḥ sura-gaṇaiḥ saha devaloka-gatam
triśaṅkum dṛṣṭvā idam vacanam abravīt

16. Seeing Triśaṅku arrive in the celestial world, Indra (Pākaśāsana), along with all the hosts of gods, spoke these words.

Words meanings summery:

• देवलोक-गतम् (devaloka-gatam) - gone to the celestial world, reached the divine realm

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• त्रिशङ्कुम् (triśaṅkum) - King Triśaṅku (Triśaṅku (proper noun))

• पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (Indra (epithet))

• सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

• सुर-गणैः (sura-gaṇaiḥ) - by the divine retinue (by hosts of gods)

• इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, statement)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

Words meanings and morphology

देवलोक-गतम् (devaloka-gatam) - gone to the celestial world, reached the divine realm

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devaloka-gata

devaloka-gata - gone to the world of gods, reached heaven

Past Passive Participle

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'devaloka' (world of gods) + 'gata' (gone).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (devaloka+gata)

• devaloka – world of gods, celestial region
  noun (masculine)
  Tatpuruṣa compound: 'deva' (god) + 'loka' (world).
• gata – gone, arrived, reached
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'gam' (to go).
  Root: gam (class 1)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed with suffix 'tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

त्रिशङ्कुम् (triśaṅkum) - King Triśaṅku (Triśaṅku (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of triśaṅku

triśaṅku - Triśaṅku (name of a king)

u-stem masculine noun.

पाकशासनः (pākaśāsanaḥ) - Indra (Indra (epithet))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pākaśāsana

pākaśāsana - ruler of Pāka, controller of the Pāka demon (epithet of Indra)

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'pāka' (name of a demon) + 'śāsana' (ruler/chastiser).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāka+śāsana)

• pāka – name of a demon, raw, unripe
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pac (class 1)
• śāsana – ruler, discipliner, instruction
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'śās' (to rule, instruct, punish).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

सह (saha) - with, accompanied by

(indeclinable)

Governs instrumental case.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - by all

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

Masculine/neuter plural instrumental.

सुर-गणैः (sura-gaṇaiḥ) - by the divine retinue (by hosts of gods)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sura-gaṇa

sura-gaṇa - host of gods, multitude of deities

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'sura' (god) + 'gaṇa' (host, multitude).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+gaṇa)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sū (class 2)
• gaṇa – host, multitude, group, troop
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

इदम् (idam) - these (words) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Neuter singular accusative.

वचनम् (vacanam) - words (word, speech, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - speech, word, saying, statement

Derived from root 'vac' (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular, imperfect tense, active voice. With augment 'a'.

Root: brū (class 2)