वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-47, verse-4

यदृच्छयैव गां प्राप्तौ देवलोकादिवामरौ ।
कथं पद्भ्यामिह प्राप्तौ किमर्थं कस्य वा मुने ॥४॥

4. yadṛcchayaiva gāṃ prāptau devalokādivāmarau ,
kathaṃ padbhyāmiha prāptau kimarthaṃ kasya vā mune.

4. yadṛcchayā eva gām prāptau devalokāt iva amarau
katham padbhyām iha prāptau kimartham kasya vā mune

4. muṇe,
amarau devalokāt iva,
gām yadṛcchayā eva prāptau (imau),
iha padbhyām katham prāptau? kimartham? vā kasya (imau sthaḥ)?

4. These two, who appear like immortals descended from the divine realm and have come to earth by sheer chance, how did they arrive here on foot? For what purpose, O sage, and whose sons are they?

Words meanings summery:

• यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, spontaneously, freely

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the element of chance. (indeed, just, only, exactly)

• गाम् (gām) - To the earth (as opposed to the divine realm). (to the earth, to the cow)

• प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - Refers to the two youths having arrived. (arrived, reached, obtained (two persons))

• देवलोकात् (devalokāt) - from the divine realm, from the world of gods

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• अमरौ (amarau) - Used metaphorically to describe the two youths. (two immortals, two gods)

• कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

• पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - by foot, with feet (dual)

• इह (iha) - In this place (where they are currently). (here, in this world, in this case)

• प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - Refers to the two youths having arrived. This is the main verb (implied 'sthaḥ'). (arrived, reached, obtained (two persons))

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose? why?

• कस्य (kasya) - Whose sons are they? (whose? of whom?)

• वा (vā) - or, either

• मुने (mune) - Vocative addressing the great sage. (O sage!)

Words meanings and morphology

यदृच्छया (yadṛcchayā) - by chance, spontaneously, freely

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of yadṛcchā

yadṛcchā - chance, spontaneity, free will, self-will

Compound (yad + ṛcchā).

Note: Denotes the manner of arrival.

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the element of chance. (indeed, just, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

गाम् (gām) - To the earth (as opposed to the divine realm). (to the earth, to the cow)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, sky, ray of light, speech

Root 'gam' (to go).

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāptau'.

प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - Refers to the two youths having arrived. (arrived, reached, obtained (two persons))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, arrived, achieved

Past Passive Participle

From root ĀP (to obtain) with upasarga PRĀ.

Prefix: prā

Root: āp (class 5)

देवलोकात् (devalokāt) - from the divine realm, from the world of gods

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of devaloka

devaloka - world of gods, heaven, divine realm

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+loka)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
  Root: div (class 4)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 10)

Note: Denotes origin.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing comparison.

अमरौ (amarau) - Used metaphorically to describe the two youths. (two immortals, two gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of amara

amara - immortal, god, deity

Compound (a + mara - not dying).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+mara)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• mara – dying, mortal
  adjective
  Derived from root MṚ (to die).
  Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Predicate to implied 'imau' and compared using 'iva'.

कथम् (katham) - how? in what manner?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.

Note: Questions the manner of arrival.

पद्भ्याम् (padbhyām) - by foot, with feet (dual)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of pad

pad - foot, leg

Irregular noun.

Note: Denotes the means of travel.

इह (iha) - In this place (where they are currently). (here, in this world, in this case)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place.

प्राप्तौ (prāptau) - Refers to the two youths having arrived. This is the main verb (implied 'sthaḥ'). (arrived, reached, obtained (two persons))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of prāpta

prāpta - reached, obtained, arrived, achieved

Past Passive Participle

From root ĀP (to obtain) with upasarga PRĀ.

Prefix: prā

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate, usually with implied 'sthaḥ' (are).

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - for what purpose? why?

(indeclinable)

Compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what, who, which
  pronoun
  Interrogative pronoun.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

कस्य (kasya) - Whose sons are they? (whose? of whom?)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Implies 'whose children/belonging to whom'.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मुने (mune) - Vocative addressing the great sage. (O sage!)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, silent one, holy man

Root: man (class 4)