वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-47, verse-24

दृष्ट्वा सुरपतिस्त्रस्तो
विषण्णवदनो ऽभवत् ॥२४॥

24. dṛṣṭvā surapatistrasto
viṣaṇṇavadano'bhavat.

24. dṛṣṭvā surapatiḥ trastaḥ
viṣaṇṇavadanaḥ abhavat

24. dṛṣṭvā surapatiḥ trastaḥ
viṣaṇṇavadanaḥ abhavat

24. Having seen him (Gautama), the lord of gods (Indra) became terrified and dejected in countenance.

Words meanings summery:

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Having seen Gautama. (having seen)

• सुरपतिः (surapatiḥ) - Indra (lord of gods)

• त्रस्तः (trastaḥ) - terrified, frightened

• विषण्णवदनः (viṣaṇṇavadanaḥ) - Indra's face showed his distress. (dejected-faced, having a sad countenance)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

Words meanings and morphology

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - Having seen Gautama. (having seen)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from verb root √dṛś (to see) with absolutive suffix -tvā.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सुरपतिः (surapatiḥ) - Indra (lord of gods)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of surapati

surapati - lord of gods

Tatpuruṣa compound: pati (lord) of suras (gods).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sura+pati)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

त्रस्तः (trastaḥ) - terrified, frightened

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of trasta

trasta - terrified, frightened, alarmed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √tras (to tremble, be afraid) and past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: tras (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'surapatiḥ'.

विषण्णवदनः (viṣaṇṇavadanaḥ) - Indra's face showed his distress. (dejected-faced, having a sad countenance)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viṣaṇṇavadana

viṣaṇṇavadana - having a dejected face, sad-faced

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose face (vadana) is dejected (viṣaṇṇa).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viṣaṇṇa+vadana)

• viṣaṇṇa – dejected, sad, depressed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √sad (to sink, be depressed) with prefix vi- and past passive participle suffix -na (from -ta).
  Prefix: vi
  Root: sad (class 1)
• vadana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'surapatiḥ'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became, he was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Links the subject with its predicative adjectives.