वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-47, verse-23

गौतमं स ददर्शाथ प्रविशन्तं महामुनिम् ।
देवदानवदुर्धर्षं तपोबलसमन्वितम् ।
तीर्थोदकपरिक्लिन्नं दीप्यमानमिवानलम् ।
गृहीतसमिधं तत्र सकुशं मुनिपुङ्गवम् ॥२३॥

23. gautamaṃ sa dadarśātha praviśantaṃ mahāmunim ,
devadānavadurdharṣaṃ tapobalasamanvitam ,
tīrthodakapariklinnaṃ dīpyamānamivānalam ,
gṛhītasamidhaṃ tatra sakuśaṃ munipuṅgavam.

23. gautamam saḥ dadarśa atha praviśantam mahāmunim
devādānavadurDHARṢam tapobalasamanvitam
tīrthodakapariklinnam dīpyamānam iva analam
gṛhītasamidham tatra sakuśam munipuṅgavam

23. saḥ atha gautamam mahāmunim praviśantam
devadānavadurDHARṢam tapobalasamanvitam
tīrthodakapariklinnam dīpyamānam iva analam tatra
gṛhītasamidham sakuśam munipuṅgavam dadarśa

23. He (Indra) then saw the great sage Gautama entering there, who was difficult for even gods and demons to overpower, endowed with the strength of his asceticism (tapas), drenched with holy water, shining like fire, and holding sacrificial fuel along with kuśa grass – indeed, the foremost of sages.

Words meanings summery:

• गौतमम् (gautamam) - The sage Gautama (Gautama)

• सः (saḥ) - Indra (he)

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

• प्रविशन्तम् (praviśantam) - entering the hermitage (entering)

• महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - Gautama is described as a great sage. (great sage)

• देवादानवदुर्धर्षम् (devādānavadurdharṣam) - Describing Gautama's formidable power. (difficult to overpower by gods and demons)

• तपोबलसमन्वितम् (tapobalasamanvitam) - Describing Gautama's power from his ascetic practices. (endowed with the strength of asceticism (tapas))

• तीर्थोदकपरिक्लिन्नम् (tīrthodakapariklinnam) - Indicating that Gautama has just performed ablutions. (drenched with holy water)

• दीप्यमानम् (dīpyamānam) - shining, blazing

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अनलम् (analam) - fire

• गृहीतसमिधम् (gṛhītasamidham) - Indicating Gautama is prepared for ritual. (holding sacrificial fuel)

• तत्र (tatra) - In the hermitage (there, at that place)

• सकुशम् (sakuśam) - Holding kuśa grass, used in rituals. (with kuśa grass)

• मुनिपुङ्गवम् (munipuṅgavam) - An epithet for Gautama. (foremost of sages, excellent sage)

Words meanings and morphology

गौतमम् (gautamam) - The sage Gautama (Gautama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gautama

gautama - Gautama, a proper name, name of a sage

Note: Object of 'dadarśa'.

सः (saḥ) - Indra (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he

Note: Refers to Indra.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

अथ (atha) - then, thereupon

(indeclinable)

प्रविशन्तम् (praviśantam) - entering the hermitage (entering)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of praviśat

praviśat - entering, going in

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root √viś (to enter) with prefix pra- and present active participle suffix -at.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

महामुनिम् (mahāmunim) - Gautama is described as a great sage. (great sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahāmuni

mahāmuni - great sage, great ascetic

Compound of mahā (great) and muni (sage).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+muni)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• muni – sage, ascetic, silent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'gautamam'.

देवादानवदुर्धर्षम् (devādānavadurdharṣam) - Describing Gautama's formidable power. (difficult to overpower by gods and demons)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devadānavadurDHARṢa

devadānavadurDHARṢa - difficult to overcome or conquer even by gods and demons

Compound of deva (god), dānava (demon), and durDHARṢa (difficult to overcome).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (deva+dānava+durDHARṢa)

• deva – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• dānava – demon, son of Danu
  noun (masculine)
• durDHARṢa – difficult to be assailed or overcome
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive
  Derived from verb root √dhṛṣ (to be bold) with prefix dur- and gerundive suffix -ṣya (implied here as suffix for future passive participle).
  Prefix: dur
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

तपोबलसमन्वितम् (tapobalasamanvitam) - Describing Gautama's power from his ascetic practices. (endowed with the strength of asceticism (tapas))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapobalasamanvita

tapobalasamanvita - endowed with the strength of asceticism

Compound of tapas (asceticism), bala (strength), and samanvita (endowed with).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+bala+samanvita)

• tapas – asceticism, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – endowed with, accompanied by, possessed of
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √i (to go) with prefixes sam- and anu- and past passive participle suffix -ta.
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

तीर्थोदकपरिक्लिन्नम् (tīrthodakapariklinnam) - Indicating that Gautama has just performed ablutions. (drenched with holy water)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tīrthodakapariklinna

tīrthodakapariklinna - thoroughly wet with holy water

Compound of tīrtha (holy place/water), udaka (water), and pariklinna (thoroughly wet).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tīrtha+udaka+pariklinna)

• tīrtha – ford, bathing place, holy place, sacred water
  noun (neuter)
• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)
• pariklinna – drenched, thoroughly wet
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √klid (to be wet) with prefix pari- and past passive participle suffix -na (from -ta).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: klid (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

दीप्यमानम् (dīpyamānam) - shining, blazing

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīpyamāna

dīpyamāna - shining, blazing, glowing

Present Middle Participle

Derived from verb root √dīp (to shine, blaze) with present middle participle suffix -māna.

Root: dīp (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

अनलम् (analam) - fire

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anala

anala - fire, god of fire

Note: Compared to the sage.

गृहीतसमिधम् (gṛhītasamidham) - Indicating Gautama is prepared for ritual. (holding sacrificial fuel)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gṛhītasamidha

gṛhītasamidha - holding sacrificial fuel

Bahuvrīhi compound: one by whom fuel (samidh) is held (gṛhīta).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (gṛhīta+samidh)

• gṛhīta – taken, seized, held
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from verb root √grah (to seize, take) and past passive participle suffix -ta.
  Root: grah (class 9)
• samidh – sacrificial fuel, firewood
  noun (feminine)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

तत्र (tatra) - In the hermitage (there, at that place)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies 'praviśantam'.

सकुशम् (sakuśam) - Holding kuśa grass, used in rituals. (with kuśa grass)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sakuśa

sakuśa - with kuśa grass, accompanied by kuśa

Compound of sa (with) and kuśa (a type of sacred grass).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+kuśa)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• kuśa – kuśa grass, sacred grass
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'gautamam'.

मुनिपुङ्गवम् (munipuṅgavam) - An epithet for Gautama. (foremost of sages, excellent sage)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of munipuṅgava

munipuṅgava - foremost of sages, excellent sage

Tatpuruṣa compound: puṅgava (bull/chief) among munis (sages).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (muni+puṅgava)

• muni – sage, ascetic
  noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

Note: Appositive to 'gautamam'.