वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-12, verse-4

वोढव्यो भवता चैव भारो यज्ञस्य चोद्यतः ।
तथेति च स राजानमब्रवीद्द्विजसत्तमः ॥४॥

4. voḍhavyo bhavatā caiva bhāro yajñasya codyataḥ ,
tatheti ca sa rājānamabravīddvijasattamaḥ.

4. voḍhavyaḥ bhavatā ca eva bhāraḥ yajñasya codyataḥ
tathā iti ca saḥ rājānam abravīt dvijasattamaḥ

4. ca eva yajñasya codyataḥ bhāraḥ bhavatā voḍhavyaḥ
saḥ dvijasattamaḥ ca rājānam abravīt tathā iti

4. And indeed, the initiated burden of the ritual (yajña) must be borne by you. That best of brahmins (dvija) then said to the king, 'So be it.'

Words meanings summery:

• वोढव्यः (voḍhavyaḥ) - to be borne (by you) (to be borne, to be carried, fit to be borne)

• भवता (bhavatā) - by you (the king) (by you (honorific); by being)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly, even, just)

• भारः (bhāraḥ) - burden (of the ritual) (burden, load, weight, responsibility)

• यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the ritual (yajña) (of the sacrifice, of the ritual)

• चोद्यतः (codyataḥ) - initiated (ritual) (urged, impelled, prompted, directed, initiated)

• तथा (tathā) - so (in response to the king's request) (so, thus, in that way, accordingly)

• इति (iti) - (marks the end of direct speech) (thus, so; marks direct quotation or conclusion)

• च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

• सः (saḥ) - he (the best of brahmins) (he, that)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Daśaratha, implied) (king)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (to the king) (said, spoke, told)

• द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the best of brahmins (dvija) (best of brahmins, excellent twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

वोढव्यः (voḍhavyaḥ) - to be borne (by you) (to be borne, to be carried, fit to be borne)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of voḍhavya

voḍhavya - to be borne, to be carried, fit to be borne

Gerundive

Derived from root 'vah' with suffix '-tavya'. Indicates obligation or fitness.

Root: vah (class 1)

भवता (bhavatā) - by you (the king) (by you (honorific); by being)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you (honorific); existing, being

Present Active Participle

Instrumental singular masculine/feminine of present participle, used as honorific 2nd person pronoun.

Root: bhū (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, certainly, even, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

भारः (bhāraḥ) - burden (of the ritual) (burden, load, weight, responsibility)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, load, weight, quantity, responsibility

Derived from root 'bhṛ' (to bear, carry).

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

यज्ञस्य (yajñasya) - of the ritual (yajña) (of the sacrifice, of the ritual)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yajña

yajña - sacrifice, ritual, worship

From root 'yaj' (to sacrifice, worship).

Root: yaj (class 1)

चोद्यतः (codyataḥ) - initiated (ritual) (urged, impelled, prompted, directed, initiated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of codyata

codyata - urged, impelled, prompted, directed, initiated

Past Passive Participle

From causative of root 'cud' (to urge, impel).

Root: cud (class 1)

Note: Agrees with bhāraḥ.

तथा (tathā) - so (in response to the king's request) (so, thus, in that way, accordingly)

(indeclinable)

इति (iti) - (marks the end of direct speech) (thus, so; marks direct quotation or conclusion)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (the best of brahmins) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to dvijasattamaḥ.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Daśaratha, implied) (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

n-stem noun.

Root: rāj

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said (to the king) (said, spoke, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (luṅ) of brū

Aorist

Root aorist form, 3rd person singular active.

Root: brū (class 2)

द्विजसत्तमः (dvijasattamaḥ) - the best of brahmins (dvija) (best of brahmins, excellent twice-born)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best of brahmins, excellent among the twice-born

Compound noun.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born; a brahmin, a bird, a snake
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from 'jan' (to be born) with prefix 'dvi' (twice).
  Prefix: dvi
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama.