वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-12, verse-28

ततः प्रीतो द्विजश्रेष्ठस्तान् सर्वान्पुनरब्रवीत् ।
अवज्ञया न दातव्यं कस्य चिल् लीलयापि वा ।
अवज्ञया कृतं हन्याद्दातारं नात्र संशयः ॥२८॥

28. tataḥ prīto dvijaśreṣṭhastān sarvānpunarabravīt ,
avajñayā na dātavyaṃ kasya cil līlayāpi vā ,
avajñayā kṛtaṃ hanyāddātāraṃ nātra saṃśayaḥ.

28. tataḥ prītaḥ dvijaśreṣṭaḥ tān sarvān
punaḥ abravīt avajñayā na dātavyam
kasyacit līlayā api vā avajñayā
kṛtam hanyāt dātāram na atra saṃśayaḥ

28. tataḥ prītaḥ dvijaśreṣṭaḥ tān sarvān
punaḥ abravīt kasyacit avajñayā
līlayā api vā na dātavyam avajñayā
kṛtam dātāram hanyāt atra saṃśayaḥ na

28. Then, the foremost among the twice-born, being pleased, spoke again to all of them: "Nothing should be given with disrespect to anyone, not even in jest. What is given with contempt would certainly harm the giver; there is no doubt about this."

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased (pleased, delighted, satisfied)

• द्विजश्रेष्टः (dvijaśreṣṭaḥ) - the foremost Brahmin (best among the twice-born, foremost Brahmin)

• तान् (tān) - them (them (masculine accusative plural))

• सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all (masculine accusative plural))

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

• अवज्ञया (avajñayā) - with disrespect (with disrespect, by contempt, scornfully)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - should be given (to be given, fit to be given, gift)

• कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - to anyone (of anyone, to anyone, by anyone)

• लीलया (līlayā) - in jest (by sport, playfully, in jest)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

• अवज्ञया (avajñayā) - with disrespect (with disrespect, by contempt, scornfully)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - what is given (or done) (done, made, performed, deed)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would certainly harm (might kill, should kill, would destroy, would harm)

• दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver (the giver (masculine accusative singular))

• न (na) - no (not, no)

• अत्र (atra) - about this (here, in this, thereby)

• संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty, suspicion)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

प्रीतः (prītaḥ) - pleased (pleased, delighted, satisfied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prīta

prīta - pleased, delighted, satisfied, beloved

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √prī (to please, delight)

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'dvijaśreṣṭaḥ'.

द्विजश्रेष्टः (dvijaśreṣṭaḥ) - the foremost Brahmin (best among the twice-born, foremost Brahmin)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvijaśreṣṭha

dvijaśreṣṭha - best among the twice-born (Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas), foremost Brahmin

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+śreṣṭha)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent, chief
  adjective (masculine)
  superlative of praśasya/praśasta

Note: Refers to a prominent Brahmin.

तान् (tān) - them (them (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of the verb 'abravīt'.

सर्वान् (sarvān) - all (of them) (all (masculine accusative plural))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Qualifies 'tān'.

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Modifies the verb 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (he spoke, he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect 3rd singular active

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Predicate verb.

अवज्ञया (avajñayā) - with disrespect (with disrespect, by contempt, scornfully)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of avajñā

avajñā - disrespect, contempt, scorn, disregard

Prefix: ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates the manner of giving.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'dātavyam'.

दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - should be given (to be given, fit to be given, gift)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya

dātavya - to be given, due to be given, gift, obligation

Gerundive

derived from root √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Implies an obligation or suitability.

कस्यचित् (kasyacit) - to anyone (of anyone, to anyone, by anyone)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kimcid

kimcid - someone, something, any, a certain

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+cid)

• kim – who, what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• cid – particle indicating indefiniteness, 'some', 'any'
  indeclinable

Note: Here, functionally dative, meaning "to anyone".

लीलया (līlayā) - in jest (by sport, playfully, in jest)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of līlā

līlā - play, sport, amusement, pastime, grace

Note: Indicates manner.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वा (vā) - or (or, either...or)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'avajñayā' and 'līlayāpi'.

अवज्ञया (avajñayā) - with disrespect (with disrespect, by contempt, scornfully)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of avajñā

avajñā - disrespect, contempt, scorn, disregard

Prefix: ava

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates the manner in which 'kṛtam' is done.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - what is given (or done) (done, made, performed, deed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, deed, action, creation

Past Passive Participle

derived from root √kṛ (to do, make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of 'hanyāt'.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - would certainly harm (might kill, should kill, would destroy, would harm)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

Optative 3rd singular active

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Expresses potential or consequence.

दातारम् (dātāram) - the giver (the giver (masculine accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, bestower, donor

agent noun from root √dā (to give)

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Object of 'hanyāt'.

न (na) - no (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'saṃśayaḥ'.

अत्र (atra) - about this (here, in this, thereby)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the statement made.

संशयः (saṁśayaḥ) - doubt (doubt, uncertainty, suspicion)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion, risk

from sam-śī (to doubt)

Prefix: sam

Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'asti' (is).