वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-12, verse-26

स्वयमेव हि धर्मात्मा प्रययौ मुनिशासनात् ।
सुमन्त्रस्त्वरितो भूत्वा समानेतुं महीक्षितः ॥२६॥

26. svayameva hi dharmātmā prayayau muniśāsanāt ,
sumantrastvarito bhūtvā samānetuṃ mahīkṣitaḥ.

26. svayam eva hi dharmātmā prāyayau muniśāsanāt
sumantraḥ tvaritaḥ bhūtvā samānetum mahīkṣitaḥ

26. hi dharmātmā sumantraḥ svayam eva tvaritaḥ
bhūtvā muniśāsanāt mahīkṣitaḥ samānetum prāyayau

26. Indeed, the dutiful (dharmātmā) Sumantra himself, having become swift, set out by the command of the sage to gather the kings.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

• एव (eva) - indeed, himself (for emphasis) (indeed, only, exactly)

• हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because, surely)

• धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - dutiful (dharmātmā) (righteous-souled, virtuous, pious, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma))

• प्राययौ (prāyayau) - set out (he went, he set out, he departed)

• मुनिशासनात् (muniśāsanāt) - by the command of the sage (from the command of the sage, by the instruction of the sage)

• सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - Sumantra (Sumantra (name of a minister))

• त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift (hastened, quick, swift, hurried)

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become (having been, having become)

• समानेतुम् (samānetum) - to gather (to bring together, to assemble, to collect)

• महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

Words meanings and morphology

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself (oneself, by oneself, personally)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial use.

एव (eva) - indeed, himself (for emphasis) (indeed, only, exactly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with svayam for stronger emphasis.

हि (hi) - indeed (for, indeed, because, surely)

(indeclinable)

धर्मात्मा (dharmātmā) - dutiful (dharmātmā) (righteous-souled, virtuous, pious, whose nature (ātman) is natural law (dharma))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmātman

dharmātman - righteous soul, virtuous, pious; one whose intrinsic nature (dharma) is good

Bahuvrīhi compound: one whose ātman (soul/self) is dharma (natural law/duty).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+ātman)

• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, constitution
  noun (masculine)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying Sumantraḥ.

प्राययौ (prāyayau) - set out (he went, he set out, he departed)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of i

Perfect Active Indicative

3rd person singular perfect active of √i with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Main verb.

मुनिशासनात् (muniśāsanāt) - by the command of the sage (from the command of the sage, by the instruction of the sage)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of muniśāsana

muniśāsana - command of a sage, instruction of a sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (muni+śāsana)

• muni – sage, ascetic, hermit
  noun (masculine)
• śāsana – command, instruction, rule, teaching
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from √śās (to rule, teach, command).
  Root: śās (class 2)

Note: Indicates the cause or source of the action.

सुमन्त्रः (sumantraḥ) - Sumantra (Sumantra (name of a minister))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumantra

sumantra - Sumantra (proper name, particularly Daśaratha's minister)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

त्वरितः (tvaritaḥ) - swift (hastened, quick, swift, hurried)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarita

tvarita - quick, swift, hurried

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √tvar (to hurry). Used here adverbially or as an adjective modifying Sumantra.

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying Sumantraḥ.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become (having been, having become)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

समानेतुम् (samānetum) - to gather (to bring together, to assemble, to collect)

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √nī with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Expresses the purpose of Sumantra's journey.

महीक्षितः (mahīkṣitaḥ) - kings (kings, rulers of the earth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of mahīkṣit

mahīkṣit - king, ruler of the earth

Compound of mahī (earth) and kṣit (ruling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahī+kṣit)

• mahī – earth, land
  noun (feminine)
• kṣit – ruler, inhabitant
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √kṣi (to rule, dwell).
  Root: kṣi (class 6)

Note: Object of samānetum.