वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-12, verse-1

पुनः प्राप्ते वसन्ते तु पूर्णः संवत्सरो ऽभवत् ।
अभिवाद्य वसिष्ठं च न्यायतः प्रतिपूज्य च ॥१॥

1. punaḥ prāpte vasante tu pūrṇaḥ saṃvatsaro'bhavat ,
abhivādya vasiṣṭhaṃ ca nyāyataḥ pratipūjya ca.

1. punar prāpte vasante tu pūrṇaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ abhavat
abhivādya vasiṣṭham ca nyāyataḥ pratipūjya ca

1. tu vasante punar prāpte pūrṇaḥ saṃvatsaraḥ abhavat
ca vasiṣṭham abhivādya ca nyāyataḥ pratipūjya

1. But when spring (vasanta) came again, a full year had passed. And having greeted Vasiṣṭha and honored him properly...

Words meanings summery:

• पुनर् (punar) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

• प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when arrived (referring to spring) (having arrived, obtained, reached (locative singular masculine/neuter))

• वसन्ते (vasante) - in spring (in spring, during spring)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• पूर्णः (pūrṇaḥ) - full (full, complete)

• संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - year

• अभवत् (abhavat) - had passed (literally, became/was) (became, happened, was)

• अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted (having saluted, having greeted)

• वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha (accusative singular))

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - properly (according to justice, properly, duly, reasonably)

• प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having honored (having honored, having worshipped)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

पुनर् (punar) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

प्राप्ते (prāpte) - when arrived (referring to spring) (having arrived, obtained, reached (locative singular masculine/neuter))

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāpta

prāpta - obtained, reached, arrived, achieved

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root āp- with prefix pra- and suffix -kta (ta)

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

वसन्ते (vasante) - in spring (in spring, during spring)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vasanta

vasanta - spring (season)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

पूर्णः (pūrṇaḥ) - full (full, complete)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root pṛ- (to fill) with suffix -kta (ṇa due to cerebralization)

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'saṃvatsaraḥ'.

संवत्सरः (saṁvatsaraḥ) - year

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃvatsara

saṁvatsara - year

From sam-vat-sara (year)

Prefix: sam

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - had passed (literally, became/was) (became, happened, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, third person singular

Root bhū- with augment a- and imperfect ending -at

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the first clause.

अभिवाद्य (abhivādya) - having greeted (having saluted, having greeted)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root vad- with prefixes abhi- and ā- and suffix -ya (because of prefixes)

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb of the next sentence (implied).

वसिष्ठम् (vasiṣṭham) - Vasiṣṭha (Vasiṣṭha (accusative singular))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vasiṣṭha

vasiṣṭha - Vasiṣṭha (name of a revered sage)

Superlative of 'vasu' (good/wealthy) - 'best, most excellent', but here a proper name.

Note: Object of 'abhivādya' and 'pratipūjya'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

न्यायतः (nyāyataḥ) - properly (according to justice, properly, duly, reasonably)

(indeclinable)

From nyāya (justice/rule) with suffix -tas (ablative adverbial)

प्रतिपूज्य (pratipūjya) - having honored (having honored, having worshipped)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root pūj- with prefix prati- and suffix -ya (because of prefix)

Prefix: prati

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb of the next sentence (implied).

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction