वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-12, verse-12

दातव्यमन्नं विधिवत् सत्कृत्य न तु लीलया ।
सर्वे वर्णा यथा पूजां प्राप्नुवन्ति सुसत्कृताः ॥१२॥

12. dātavyamannaṃ vidhivat satkṛtya na tu līlayā ,
sarve varṇā yathā pūjāṃ prāpnuvanti susatkṛtāḥ.

12. dātavyam annam vidhivat satkṛtya na tu līlayā
sarve varṇāḥ yathā pūjām prāpnuvanti susatkṛtāḥ

12. annam vidhivat satkṛtya na tu līlayā dātavyam
yathā sarve susatkṛtāḥ varṇāḥ pūjām prāpnuvanti

12. Food should be given properly and respectfully, not carelessly. This is so that all social classes (varṇāḥ), when appropriately honored, receive their due respect.

Words meanings summery:

• दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - food that should be given (should be given, to be given)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food for offering/charity (food, grain, sustenance)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to prescribed rules (of dharma or ritual) (according to rule, properly, methodically)

• सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - having treated with respect (those to whom food is given) (having honored, having respected, having treated with reverence)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तु (tu) - but (emphasizing contrast) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• लीलया (līlayā) - carelessly, without seriousness or respect (by play, playfully, sportively, casually)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of the varṇāḥ) (all, every)

• वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇāḥ) (colors, classes, castes, qualities)

• यथा (yathā) - so that, in such a way that (as, just as, so that, in order that)

• पूजाम् (pūjām) - due respect (honor, worship, respect, veneration)

• प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they receive (honor) (they obtain, they receive, they attain)

• सुसत्कृताः (susatkṛtāḥ) - when appropriately honored (well-honored, well-respected, properly worshipped)

Words meanings and morphology

दातव्यम् (dātavyam) - food that should be given (should be given, to be given)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dātavya

dātavya - to be given, suitable for giving, that which should be given

Gerundive (Tavya Pratyaya)

Derived from root dā (to give) with the suffix -tavya.

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'annam'.

अन्नम् (annam) - food for offering/charity (food, grain, sustenance)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, grain, sustenance

Past Passive Participle (kṛt-pratyaya)

From root ad (to eat) + -na (past participle suffix, with prefix a- implying 'eaten' or 'food').

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - according to prescribed rules (of dharma or ritual) (according to rule, properly, methodically)

(indeclinable)

Formed from vidhi (rule, ordinance) with the suffix -vat, indicating 'like' or 'according to'.

सत्कृत्य (satkṛtya) - having treated with respect (those to whom food is given) (having honored, having respected, having treated with reverence)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed from sat (good, real) + kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -ya (or -tvā for simple root, -ya for prefixed roots, here `sat` functions like a prefix for meaning).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but (emphasizing contrast) (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

लीलया (līlayā) - carelessly, without seriousness or respect (by play, playfully, sportively, casually)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of līlā

līlā - play, sport, amusement, ease, grace, charm

From root lī (to cling, dissolve) with suffix -la, denoting 'play'.

Root: lī (class 4)

Note: Adverbial usage.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of the varṇāḥ) (all, every)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Agrees with 'varṇāḥ'.

वर्णाः (varṇāḥ) - social classes (varṇāḥ) (colors, classes, castes, qualities)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of varṇa

varṇa - color, outward appearance, class, social order, caste, quality, letter (of alphabet)

From root vṛ (to cover, enclose) or vṛ (to choose).

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Subject of the dependent clause.

यथा (yathā) - so that, in such a way that (as, just as, so that, in order that)

(indeclinable)

पूजाम् (pūjām) - due respect (honor, worship, respect, veneration)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of pūjā

pūjā - worship, adoration, honor, respect, reverence

From root pūj (to honor, worship).

Root: pūj (class 10)

Note: Object of 'prāpnuvanti'.

प्राप्नुवन्ति (prāpnuvanti) - they receive (honor) (they obtain, they receive, they attain)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present indicative (laṭ) of prāp

Root āp with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

सुसत्कृताः (susatkṛtāḥ) - when appropriately honored (well-honored, well-respected, properly worshipped)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of susatkṛta

susatkṛta - well-honored, well-respected, duly treated with honor

Past Passive Participle

Compound of su (good, well) + satkṛta (honored). Satkṛta is from sat + kṛ.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+satkṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent, easy
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'good' or 'well'.
• satkṛta – honored, respected, well-treated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from sat (good) + kṛ (to do, make) with -ta suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)