वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-1, chapter-12, verse-19

निष्ठितं सर्वशास्त्रेषु तथा वेदेषु निष्ठितम् ।
तमानय महाभागं स्वयमेव सुसत्कृतम् ।
पूर्वसंबन्धिनं ज्ञात्वा ततः पूर्वं ब्रवीमि ते ॥१९॥

19. niṣṭhitaṃ sarvaśāstreṣu tathā vedeṣu niṣṭhitam ,
tamānaya mahābhāgaṃ svayameva susatkṛtam ,
pūrvasaṃbandhinaṃ jñātvā tataḥ pūrvaṃ bravīmi te.

19. niṣṭhitam sarvaśāstreṣu tathā vedeṣu
niṣṭhitam tam ānaya mahābhāgam
svayam eva susatkṛtam pūrvasambandhinam
jñātvā tataḥ pūrvam bravīmi te

19. sarvaśāstreṣu tathā vedeṣu niṣṭhitam
niṣṭhitam tam mahābhāgam susatkṛtam
svayam eva ānaya pūrvasambandhinam
jñātvā tataḥ te pūrvam bravīmi

19. He is accomplished in all scriptures and similarly well-versed in the Vedas. Bring that illustrious, well-honored person yourself. I tell you this instruction first because I recognize him as a former relative.

Words meanings summery:

• निष्ठितम् (niṣṭhitam) - skilled, accomplished, well-versed, expert

• सर्वशास्त्रेषु (sarvaśāstreṣu) - in all scriptures, in all sciences/disciplines

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, also, and

• वेदेषु (vedeṣu) - in the Vedas

• निष्ठितम् (niṣṭhitam) - skilled, accomplished, well-versed, expert

• तम् (tam) - referring to King Janaka (him, that (masculine singular))

• आनय (ānaya) - bring, lead near

• महाभागम् (mahābhāgam) - the highly fortunate one, the illustrious one, noble

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

• सुसत्कृतम् (susatkṛtam) - well-honored, greatly respected

• पूर्वसम्बन्धिनम् (pūrvasambandhinam) - a former relative, an old connection

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, recognizing, knowing

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from that reason

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, earlier, before

• ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I say, I tell

• ते (te) - to you (Sumantra) (to you)

Words meanings and morphology

निष्ठितम् (niṣṭhitam) - skilled, accomplished, well-versed, expert

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣṭhita

niṣṭhita - well-versed, skilled, accomplished, finished, fixed, established

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `ni-` (down, in, into). Past passive participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to Janaka. Used twice for emphasis.

सर्वशास्त्रेषु (sarvaśāstreṣu) - in all scriptures, in all sciences/disciplines

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvaśāstra

sarvaśāstra - all scriptures, all branches of knowledge, all sciences

Compound of `sarva` (all) and `śāstra` (treatise, scripture, science).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+śāstra)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• śāstra – scripture, science, doctrine, rule
  noun (neuter)
  From root `śās` (to teach, instruct).
  Root: śās

Note: Indicates the sphere of expertise for Janaka.

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, likewise, also, and

(indeclinable)

Adverb of manner.

Note: Connects the two areas of expertise.

वेदेषु (vedeṣu) - in the Vedas

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda (sacred Hindu texts), knowledge

From root `vid` (to know).

Root: vid

Note: Indicates another sphere of expertise.

निष्ठितम् (niṣṭhitam) - skilled, accomplished, well-versed, expert

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niṣṭhita

niṣṭhita - well-versed, skilled, accomplished, finished, fixed, established

Past Passive Participle

From root `sthā` (to stand) with prefix `ni-` (down, in, into). Past passive participle.

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Repetition for emphasis, reinforcing Janaka's expertise.

तम् (tam) - referring to King Janaka (him, that (masculine singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Direct object of `ānaya`.

आनय (ānaya) - bring, lead near

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of ānī

Imperative

From root `nī` (to lead) with prefix `ā-` (to, near). 2nd person singular, imperative mood, active voice.

Prefix: ā

Root: nī (class 1)

महाभागम् (mahābhāgam) - the highly fortunate one, the illustrious one, noble

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - highly fortunate, illustrious, noble, eminent, having a great share/destiny

Compound of `mahā` (great) and `bhāga` (fortune, share).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bhāga)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• bhāga – share, portion, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  From root `bhaj` (to divide, share).
  Root: bhaj

Note: Adjective modifying `tam` (Janaka).

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally

(indeclinable)

Reflexive adverb.

Note: Emphasizes that the action should be performed by Sumantra himself.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, even, only

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

Note: Emphasizes `svayam`.

सुसत्कृतम् (susatkṛtam) - well-honored, greatly respected

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of susatkṛta

susatkṛta - well-honored, greatly respected, properly treated

Past Passive Participle

From root `kṛ` (to do) with prefixes `su-` (well) and `sat-` (good, true). Past passive participle.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (su+satkṛta)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating 'goodness' or 'excellence'.
• satkṛta – honored, respected, well-treated
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `kṛ` (to do) with prefix `sat-` (good, true).
  Prefix: sat
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Adjective modifying `tam` (Janaka).

पूर्वसम्बन्धिनम् (pūrvasambandhinam) - a former relative, an old connection

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pūrvasambandhin

pūrvasambandhin - a former relative, an old connection, related from before

Compound of `pūrva` (former, previous) and `sambandhin` (relative, connected person).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pūrva+sambandhin)

• pūrva – former, previous, earlier
  adjective (masculine)
• sambandhin – relative, connection, related, connected
  noun (masculine)
  From `sam-bandh` (to connect) + `in` suffix.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bandh

Note: Object of `jñātvā`, referring to Janaka.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, recognizing, knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root `jñā` (to know). Absolutive form.

Root: jñā (class 9)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefore, from that reason

(indeclinable)

Adverbial derivative from `tad`.

Note: Connects the reason (knowing Janaka as a relative) to the action (telling first).

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - first, earlier, before

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates priority in the speaking of the instruction.

ब्रवीमि (bravīmi) - I speak, I say, I tell

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present tense

From root `brū` (or `vac`), present tense, 1st person singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The speaker is Vasishtha.

ते (te) - to you (Sumantra) (to you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun.

Note: Enclitic form of the dative singular of `yuṣmad`.