मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-46, verse-23
निमेषैर्दशभिः काष्ठा तथा पञ्चभिरुच्यते ।
कलास्त्रिंशच्च वै काष्ठा मुहूर्तं त्रिंशत्ताः कलाः ॥२३॥
कलास्त्रिंशच्च वै काष्ठा मुहूर्तं त्रिंशत्ताः कलाः ॥२३॥
23. nimeṣairdaśabhiḥ kāṣṭhā tathā pañcabhirucyate .
kalāstriṃśacca vai kāṣṭhā muhūrtaṃ triṃśattāḥ kalāḥ.
kalāstriṃśacca vai kāṣṭhā muhūrtaṃ triṃśattāḥ kalāḥ.
23.
nimeṣaiḥ daśabhiḥ kāṣṭhā tathā pañcabhiḥ ucyate kalāḥ
triṃśat ca vai kāṣṭhā muhūrtam triṃśat tāḥ kalāḥ
triṃśat ca vai kāṣṭhā muhūrtam triṃśat tāḥ kalāḥ
23.
Ten blinks of an eye (nimeṣa) constitute a kāṣṭhā. And five (kāṣṭhās) are said to make a kalā. Indeed, thirty kalās form a muhūrta (a specific time duration), and a muhūrta is exactly thirty of those kalās.
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- निमेषैः (nimeṣaiḥ) - by blinks of an eye (by blinks, by winks, by instants)
- दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten
- काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) - a specific unit of time (a time unit, a direction, a limit)
- तथा (tathā) - and (thus, in that way, and)
- पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five (kāṣṭhās) (by five)
- उच्यते (ucyate) - is said (to be) (is said, is called, is declared)
- कलाः (kalāḥ) - units of time called kalās (units of time, parts, digits)
- त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty
- च (ca) - and (and, also)
- वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly)
- काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) - a general measure of time, here qualifying muhūrta (a time unit, a duration, a limit)
- मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a specific unit of time (muhūrta) (a short period, an instant, a specific unit of time (48 minutes))
- त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty
- ताः (tāḥ) - those (kalās) (those)
- कलाः (kalāḥ) - units of time called kalās (units of time, parts, digits)
Words meanings and morphology
निमेषैः (nimeṣaiḥ) - by blinks of an eye (by blinks, by winks, by instants)
(noun)
Instrumental, masculine, plural of nimeṣa
nimeṣa - blink, wink, instant
Root: miṣ (class 6)
दशभिः (daśabhiḥ) - by ten
(numeral)
काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) - a specific unit of time (a time unit, a direction, a limit)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhā
kāṣṭhā - unit of time, quarter of the sky, limit
Note: Implied verb 'is' (asti).
तथा (tathā) - and (thus, in that way, and)
(indeclinable)
पञ्चभिः (pañcabhiḥ) - by five (kāṣṭhās) (by five)
(numeral)
Note: Used with an implied noun, here 'kāṣṭhās'.
उच्यते (ucyate) - is said (to be) (is said, is called, is declared)
(verb)
3rd person , singular, passive, present indicative (laṭ) of vac
Passive Present Indicative
From root vac, changed to uc in passive voice
Root: vac (class 2)
कलाः (kalāḥ) - units of time called kalās (units of time, parts, digits)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of kalā
kalā - part, portion, digit of the moon, unit of time
त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty
(numeral)
च (ca) - and (and, also)
(indeclinable)
वै (vai) - indeed (indeed, certainly)
(indeclinable)
काष्ठा (kāṣṭhā) - a general measure of time, here qualifying muhūrta (a time unit, a duration, a limit)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, singular of kāṣṭhā
kāṣṭhā - unit of time, quarter of the sky, limit, duration
मुहूर्तम् (muhūrtam) - a specific unit of time (muhūrta) (a short period, an instant, a specific unit of time (48 minutes))
(noun)
Nominative, neuter, singular of muhūrta
muhūrta - instant, moment, a fixed period of time (e.g., 48 minutes)
Note: Implied verb 'is' (asti).
त्रिंशत् (triṁśat) - thirty
(numeral)
ताः (tāḥ) - those (kalās) (those)
(pronoun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of tad
tad - that, those
Note: Refers to kalāḥ.
कलाः (kalāḥ) - units of time called kalās (units of time, parts, digits)
(noun)
Nominative, feminine, plural of kalā
kalā - part, portion, digit of the moon, unit of time
Note: In apposition to triṃśat (thirty).