महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-39, verse-5

स निर्विण्णस्ततो राजंस्तपस्तेपे महातपाः ।
ततो वै तपसा तेन प्राप्य वेदाननुत्तमान् ॥५॥

5. sa nirviṇṇastato rājaṁstapastepe mahātapāḥ ,
tato vai tapasā tena prāpya vedānanuttamān.

5. sa nirviṇṇaḥ tataḥ rājan tapaḥ tepe mahātapaḥ
tataḥ vai tapasā tena prāpya vedān anuttamān

5. rājan sa nirviṇṇaḥ tataḥ mahātapaḥ tapaḥ tepe
tataḥ vai tena tapasā anuttamān vedān prāpya

5. O King, he, having become disillusioned from that state, performed intense spiritual austerities (tapas), being a great ascetic. Then, through those very austerities (tapas), he indeed obtained the unsurpassed Vedas.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• निर्विण्णः (nirviṇṇaḥ) - dejected, despondent, disillusioned, detached

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, from that

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

• तेपे (tepe) - he performed, he practiced, he heated

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - one of great austerities, great ascetic

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, from that

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily

• तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, through penance

• तेन (tena) - by that, with that

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

• वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas, sacred knowledge

• अनुत्तमान् (anuttamān) - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

निर्विण्णः (nirviṇṇaḥ) - dejected, despondent, disillusioned, detached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirviṇṇa

nirviṇṇa - dejected, despondent, disillusioned, detached

Past Passive Participle

Derived from √vid (to find, know) with prefix nir, meaning 'disgusted, dejected, having found no joy'.

Prefix: nir

Root: vid (class 6)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, from that

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)

तेपे (tepe) - he performed, he practiced, he heated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (Lit) of tap

Root: tap (class 1)

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - one of great austerities, great ascetic

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great ascetic, one who performs great austerities (tapas)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (mahat+tapas)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)
  noun (neuter)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, from that

(indeclinable)

वै (vai) - indeed, verily

(indeclinable)

तपसा (tapasā) - by austerity, through penance

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, spiritual discipline (tapas)

तेन (tena) - by that, with that

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached

(indeclinable)

Gerund (Absolutive)

Derived from √āp (to obtain) with prefix pra.

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

वेदान् (vedān) - the Vedas, sacred knowledge

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of veda

veda - Veda, sacred knowledge

अनुत्तमान् (anuttamān) - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, supreme

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (a+uttama)

• a – not, un- (negative particle)
  indeclinable
• uttama – excellent, best, supreme
  adjective (masculine)