महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-39, verse-12

गाधिर्नाम महानासीत्क्षत्रियः प्रथितो भुवि ।
तस्य पुत्रोऽभवद्राजन्विश्वामित्रः प्रतापवान् ॥१२॥

12. gādhirnāma mahānāsītkṣatriyaḥ prathito bhuvi ,
tasya putro'bhavadrājanviśvāmitraḥ pratāpavān.

12. gādhiḥ nāma mahān āsīt kṣatriyaḥ prathitaḥ bhuvi
tasya putraḥ abhavat rājan viśvāmitraḥ pratāpavān

12. rājan bhuvi prathitaḥ mahān gādhiḥ nāma kṣatriyaḥ
āsīt tasya pratāpavān putraḥ viśvāmitraḥ abhavat

12. There was a great kṣatriya named Gādhi, renowned on earth. O king, his son was the mighty Viśvāmitra.

Words meanings summery:

• गाधिः (gādhiḥ) - Gādhi (proper name)

• नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name (by name, indeed, namely)

• महान् (mahān) - describing king Gādhi (great, large, mighty, illustrious)

• आसीत् (āsīt) - he was, there was

• क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - the social class of King Gādhi (a kṣatriya, a warrior, a member of the ruling class)

• प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - famous on earth (famous, renowned, celebrated, spread)

• भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world, on the ground

• तस्य (tasya) - referring to Gādhi (his, of him, of that)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became/was born (as Viśvāmitra) (he was, he became, he was born)

• राजन् (rājan) - vocative address to the listener (O king)

• विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (proper name)

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - describing Viśvāmitra (powerful, mighty, glorious)

Words meanings and morphology

गाधिः (gādhiḥ) - Gādhi (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gādhi

gādhi - Gādhi (name of an ancient king, father of Viśvāmitra)

नाम (nāma) - used to introduce a name (by name, indeed, namely)

(indeclinable)

महान् (mahān) - describing king Gādhi (great, large, mighty, illustrious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Agrees with 'gādhiḥ' and 'kṣatriyaḥ'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - he was, there was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of as

Imperfect (Laṅ) form

Imperfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: as (class 2)

क्षत्रियः (kṣatriyaḥ) - the social class of King Gādhi (a kṣatriya, a warrior, a member of the ruling class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatriya

kṣatriya - warrior, member of the warrior/ruling class

Note: Predicate nominative for Gādhi.

प्रथितः (prathitaḥ) - famous on earth (famous, renowned, celebrated, spread)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prathita

prathita - famous, renowned, celebrated, spread

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root prath (to spread, to be famous) with the suffix -kta.

Root: prath (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'gādhiḥ' and 'kṣatriyaḥ'.

भुवि (bhuvi) - on earth, in the world, on the ground

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, ground, land, world

तस्य (tasya) - referring to Gādhi (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive pronoun, refers to Gādhi.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of 'abhavat'.

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became/was born (as Viśvāmitra) (he was, he became, he was born)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect (Laṅ) form

Imperfect 3rd person singular active.

Root: bhū (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - vocative address to the listener (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

विश्वामित्रः (viśvāmitraḥ) - Viśvāmitra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśvāmitra

viśvāmitra - Viśvāmitra (name of a famous sage, literally 'friend of all')

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśva+mitra)

• viśva – all, whole, universe
  adjective
• mitra – friend, companion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Predicate nominative for putra.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - describing Viśvāmitra (powerful, mighty, glorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - mighty, glorious, powerful, splendid

Possessive adjective formed from pratāpa (power, glory) with the suffix -vat.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'viśvāmitraḥ'.