महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-9, chapter-39, verse-24

जलाहारो वायुभक्षः पर्णाहारश्च सोऽभवत् ।
तथा स्थण्डिलशायी च ये चान्ये नियमाः पृथक् ॥२४॥

24. jalāhāro vāyubhakṣaḥ parṇāhāraśca so'bhavat ,
tathā sthaṇḍilaśāyī ca ye cānye niyamāḥ pṛthak.

24. jalāhāraḥ vāyubhakṣaḥ parṇāhāraḥ ca saḥ abhavat
tathā sthaṇḍilaśāyī ca ye ca anye niyamāḥ pṛthak

24. saḥ jalāhāraḥ vāyubhakṣaḥ parṇāhāraḥ ca abhavat
tathā sthaṇḍilaśāyī ca ye ca anye niyamāḥ pṛthak

24. He became one who subsisted on water, then on air, and then on leaves. Likewise, he slept on the bare ground, and observed other various observances (niyama).

Words meanings summery:

• जलाहारः (jalāhāraḥ) - subsisting on water, eating water

• वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air, eating air

• पर्णाहारः (parṇāhāraḥ) - subsisting on leaves, eating leaves

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

• स्थण्डिलशायी (sthaṇḍilaśāyī) - sleeping on the bare ground

• च (ca) - and

• ये (ye) - which (observances) (which (masculine plural))

• च (ca) - and

• अन्ये (anye) - other, different

• नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - observances, rules, restraints (niyama)

• पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, variously, individually

Words meanings and morphology

जलाहारः (jalāhāraḥ) - subsisting on water, eating water

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jalāhāra

jalāhāra - subsisting on water, eating water

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jala+āhāra)

• jala – water
  noun (neuter)
• āhāra – food, sustenance, eating
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'he'

वायुभक्षः (vāyubhakṣaḥ) - subsisting on air, eating air

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyubhakṣa

vāyubhakṣa - subsisting on air, eating air

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vāyu+bhakṣa)

• vāyu – air, wind
  noun (masculine)
• bhakṣa – food, eating
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root bhakṣ (to eat)
  Root: bhakṣ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'he'

पर्णाहारः (parṇāhāraḥ) - subsisting on leaves, eating leaves

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parṇāhāra

parṇāhāra - subsisting on leaves, eating leaves

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (parṇa+āhāra)

• parṇa – leaf
  noun (neuter)
• āhāra – food, sustenance, eating
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with implied 'he'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he, that (masculine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

अभवत् (abhavat) - became, was

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, similarly

(indeclinable)

स्थण्डिलशायी (sthaṇḍilaśāyī) - sleeping on the bare ground

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthaṇḍilaśāyin

sthaṇḍilaśāyin - sleeping on the bare ground, one who sleeps on bare ground

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sthaṇḍila+śāyin)

• sthaṇḍila – bare ground, a piece of ground prepared for a sacrifice
  noun (neuter)
• śāyin – sleeping, lying
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Participial suffix
  Derived from root śī (to lie, sleep)
  Root: śī (class 2)

Note: Agrees with implied 'he'

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - which (observances) (which (masculine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, who, what

Note: Refers to niyamāḥ

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अन्ये (anye) - other, different

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, different, another

Note: Agrees with niyamāḥ

नियमाः (niyamāḥ) - observances, rules, restraints (niyama)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of niyama

niyama - observance, rule, restraint, discipline (niyama)

पृथक् (pṛthak) - separately, variously, individually

(indeclinable)