महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-64, verse-32

तमेवमुक्त्वाभ्यनुनीय चासकृत्तवात्मजः स्वाननुशास्ति सैनिकान् ।
समाघ्नताभिद्रवताहितानिमान्सबाणशब्दान्किमु जोषमास्यते ॥३२॥

32. tamevamuktvābhyanunīya cāsakṛ;ttavātmajaḥ svānanuśāsti sainikān ,
samāghnatābhidravatāhitānimā;nsabāṇaśabdānkimu joṣamāsyate.

32. tam evam uktvā abhyanunīya ca asakṛt
tava ātmajaḥ svān anuśāsti sainikān
samāghnatā abhidravatā ahitān
imān sabāṇaśabdān kimu joṣam āsyate

32. tava ātmajaḥ tam evam uktvā ca asakṛt
abhyanunīya svān sainikān anuśāsti "kimu
joṣam āsyate (yadā) imān sabāṇaśabdān
ahitān samāghnatā abhidravatā (santi)"

32. Having thus spoken to him and repeatedly conciliated him, your son (Duryodhana) instructs his own soldiers: 'Why are you sitting silently while these enemies, with their showering arrows, are striking and assailing?'

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

• अभ्यनुनीय (abhyanunīya) - having conciliated, having persuaded

• च (ca) - and

• असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, many times

• तव (tava) - your

• आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son (Duryodhana) (son, born from oneself)

• स्वान् (svān) - his own

• अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - he instructs, he commands

• सैनिकान् (sainikān) - soldiers

• समाघ्नता (samāghnatā) - while striking (by striking, by destroying)

• अभिद्रवता (abhidravatā) - while assailing (by assailing, by rushing towards)

• अहितान् (ahitān) - enemies, hostile ones

• इमान् (imān) - these

• सबाणशब्दान् (sabāṇaśabdān) - accompanied by arrow-sounds, with noisy arrows

• किमु (kimu) - why, what indeed

• जोषम् (joṣam) - silently, quietly

• आस्यते (āsyate) - is one sitting, is one remaining

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to a specific individual (e.g., Karṇa, Droṇa) addressed by Duryodhana.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having spoken, having said

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root vac (to speak) with suffix -ktvā

Root: vac (class 2)

अभ्यनुनीय (abhyanunīya) - having conciliated, having persuaded

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root nī (to lead) with prefixes abhi and anu, forming an absolutive (-ya)

Prefixes: abhi+anu

Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

असकृत् (asakṛt) - repeatedly, many times

(indeclinable)

Prefix: a

Root: kṛ (class 8)

तव (tava) - your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

आत्मजः (ātmajaḥ) - son (Duryodhana) (son, born from oneself)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ātmaja

ātmaja - son, born of one's self (ātman)

Compound type : tatpurusha (ātman+ja)

• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)
• ja – born, produced
  adjective
  Derived from root jan (to be born)
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana.

स्वान् (svān) - his own

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sva

sva - own, one's own

Note: Agrees with sainikān.

अनुशास्ति (anuśāsti) - he instructs, he commands

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuśās

Prefix: anu

Root: śās (class 2)

सैनिकान् (sainikān) - soldiers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sainika

sainika - soldier, pertaining to an army

समाघ्नता (samāghnatā) - while striking (by striking, by destroying)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of samāghnan

samāghnan - striking, killing, destroying (present participle)

present active participle

Derived from root han (to strike, kill) with prefixes sam and ā

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used adverbially here: 'while striking'.

अभिद्रवता (abhidravatā) - while assailing (by assailing, by rushing towards)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of abhidravat

abhidravat - rushing towards, assailing (present participle)

present active participle

Derived from root dru (to run) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: dru (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially here: 'while rushing'.

अहितान् (ahitān) - enemies, hostile ones

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ahita

ahita - enemy, hostile, harmful

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+hita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• hita – placed, set, beneficial, friend
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Derived from root dhā (to place, put)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

इमान् (imān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with ahitān.

सबाणशब्दान् (sabāṇaśabdān) - accompanied by arrow-sounds, with noisy arrows

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sabāṇaśabda

sabāṇaśabda - with the sound of arrows

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sa+bāṇa+śabda)

• sa – with, accompanied by
  indeclinable
• bāṇa – arrow
  noun (masculine)
• śabda – sound, noise
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with ahitān.

किमु (kimu) - why, what indeed

(indeclinable)

जोषम् (joṣam) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

आस्यते (āsyate) - is one sitting, is one remaining

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Used impersonally or referring to a general 'one', in this context likely rhetorical asking 'why are you (soldiers) sitting?'