महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-16, verse-5

अश्वत्थाम्नश्च संकल्पाद्धताः कर्णेन सृञ्जयाः ।
तथाश्वनरनागानां कृतं च कदनं महत् ।
इत्याचष्ट सुदुर्धर्षो वासुदेवः किरीटिने ॥५॥

5. aśvatthāmnaśca saṁkalpāddhatāḥ karṇena sṛñjayāḥ ,
tathāśvanaranāgānāṁ kṛtaṁ ca kadanaṁ mahat ,
ityācaṣṭa sudurdharṣo vāsudevaḥ kirīṭine.

5. aśvatthāmnaḥ ca saṃkalpāt hatāḥ
karṇena sṛñjayāḥ | tathā aśvanaranāgānām
kṛtam ca kadanam mahat | iti ācaṣṭa
sudurdharṣaḥ vāsudevaḥ kirīṭine

5. aśvatthāmnaḥ saṃkalpāt ca sṛñjayāḥ
karṇena hatāḥ tathā aśvanaranāgānām
mahat kadanam ca kṛtam iti
sudurdharṣaḥ vāsudevaḥ kirīṭine ācaṣṭa

5. And by the resolve of Aśvatthāman, the Sṛñjayas were slain by Karṇa. Likewise, a great slaughter of horses, men, and nāgas was carried out. Thus spoke the formidable Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa) to the crowned one (Arjuna).

Words meanings summery:

• अश्वत्थाम्नः (aśvatthāmnaḥ) - of Aśvatthāman

• च (ca) - and

• संकल्पात् (saṁkalpāt) - by the resolve (from resolve, intention, determination)

• हताः (hatāḥ) - slain (killed, slain)

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

• सृञ्जयाः (sṛñjayāḥ) - the Sṛñjayas (a specific warrior clan) (the Sṛñjayas)

• तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, likewise, and)

• अश्वनरनागानाम् (aśvanaranāgānām) - of horses, men, and nāgas (of horses, men, and nāgas/elephants)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - carried out (done, made, performed)

• च (ca) - and

• कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter (slaughter, destruction, massacre)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

• आचष्ट (ācaṣṭa) - spoke (he told, he narrated)

• सुदुर्धर्षः (sudurdharṣaḥ) - formidable (very difficult to assault, impregnable, formidable)

• वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

• किरीटिने (kirīṭine) - to the crowned one (Arjuna) (to the crowned one, to Arjuna)

Words meanings and morphology

अश्वत्थाम्नः (aśvatthāmnaḥ) - of Aśvatthāman

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of aśvatthāman

aśvatthāman - Aśvatthāman (proper noun, Drona's son)

Note: Possessive, connected to 'saṃkalpāt'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

संकल्पात् (saṁkalpāt) - by the resolve (from resolve, intention, determination)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of saṃkalpa

saṁkalpa - resolve, intention, determination, vow

Prefix: sam

Root: kḷp (class 1)

Note: Indicates the cause or agency ('by the resolve of').

हताः (hatāḥ) - slain (killed, slain)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Predicate adjective for Sṛñjayas.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karṇa (proper noun), ear

Note: Agent of killing.

सृञ्जयाः (sṛñjayāḥ) - the Sṛñjayas (a specific warrior clan) (the Sṛñjayas)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sṛñjaya

sṛñjaya - Sṛñjaya (proper noun, name of a people/clan)

Note: Subject of the passive construction.

तथा (tathā) - likewise (thus, so, likewise, and)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces a parallel statement.

अश्वनरनागानाम् (aśvanaranāgānām) - of horses, men, and nāgas (of horses, men, and nāgas/elephants)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of aśvanaranāga

aśvanaranāga - horses, men, and nāgas (elephants/serpents)

Dvandva compound of 'aśva', 'nara', 'nāga'.

Compound type : dvandva (aśva+nara+nāga)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – serpent, elephant
  noun (masculine)

Note: Possessive, defining what was subject to slaughter.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - carried out (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'kadanam'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

कदनम् (kadanam) - slaughter (slaughter, destruction, massacre)

(noun)

neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, massacre

Root: kad (class 1)

Note: Subject/object of the implicit verb (was done).

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Modifies 'kadanam'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, so, in this way)

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the end of a quotation or statement.

आचष्ट (ācaṣṭa) - spoke (he told, he narrated)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past (luṅ / laṅ) of ācakṣ

aorist/imperfect

3rd person singular aorist/imperfect, middle voice (ātmanepada). Prefix ā + root cakṣ (to see, to tell).

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

सुदुर्धर्षः (sudurdharṣaḥ) - formidable (very difficult to assault, impregnable, formidable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sudurdharṣa

sudurdharṣa - very difficult to assault, impregnable, invincible, formidable

Compound of su (very, good) + dur (difficult) + dharṣa (from dhr̥ṣ, to dare, overcome).

Compound type : prepositional tatpurusha (su+dur+dharṣa)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• dur – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• dharṣa – daring, assault, attack
  noun (masculine)
  nominal derivative
  Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack).
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Modifies Vāsudeva.

वासुदेवः (vāsudevaḥ) - Vāsudeva (Kṛṣṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - Vāsudeva (proper noun, Kṛṣṇa), son of Vasudeva

Patronymic from Vasudeva.

Note: Subject of 'ācaṣṭa'.

किरीटिने (kirīṭine) - to the crowned one (Arjuna) (to the crowned one, to Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of kirīṭin

kirīṭin - crowned one, wearer of a diadem (epithet of Arjuna)

Derived from 'kirīṭa' (diadem, crown) with suffix '-in'.

Note: Recipient of Vāsudeva's speech. Arjuna is known as Kirīṭin.