महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-16, verse-4

संजय उवाच ।
हते पाण्ड्येऽर्जुनं कृष्णस्त्वरन्नाह वचो हितम् ।
पश्यातिमान्यं राजानमपयातांश्च पाण्डवान् ॥४॥

4. saṁjaya uvāca ,
hate pāṇḍye'rjunaṁ kṛṣṇastvarannāha vaco hitam ,
paśyātimānyaṁ rājānamapayātāṁśca pāṇḍavān.

4. saṃjaya uvāca | hate pāṇḍye arjunam kṛṣṇaḥ tvaran āha
vacaḥ hitam | paśya atimānyam rājānam apayātān ca pāṇḍavān

4. saṃjaya uvāca pāṇḍye hate kṛṣṇaḥ tvaran arjunam hitam
vacaḥ āha atimānyam rājānam ca apayātān pāṇḍavān paśya

4. Sañjaya said: "When the Pāṇḍya king had been killed, Kṛṣṇa, in haste, spoke beneficial words to Arjuna: 'Behold the highly esteemed king and the Pāṇḍavas who have departed!'"

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (the narrator) (Sañjaya)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

• हते (hate) - when killed (killed, slain; when killed)

• पाण्ड्ये (pāṇḍye) - the Pāṇḍya king (in the Pāṇḍya king)

• अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - to Arjuna (Arjuna)

• कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - in haste, hurrying (hurrying, hastening)

• आह (āha) - said (he said)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech)

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, good, favorable)

• पश्य (paśya) - behold (see, behold)

• अतिमान्यम् (atimānyam) - highly esteemed (highly respected, excessively proud)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Pāṇḍya king) (king)

• अपयातान् (apayātān) - those who have departed/fled (departed, fled, gone away)

• च (ca) - and

• पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (or their allies) (the Pāṇḍavas)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya (the narrator) (Sañjaya)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - victorious; Sañjaya (proper noun)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect

3rd person singular perfect (lit), parasmaipada.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Standard introductory phrase for narration.

हते (hate) - when killed (killed, slain; when killed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in locative absolute construction 'when the Pāṇḍya was killed'.

पाण्ड्ये (pāṇḍye) - the Pāṇḍya king (in the Pāṇḍya king)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍya

pāṇḍya - king of the Pāṇḍya country, a Pāṇḍya

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction.

अर्जुनम् (arjunam) - to Arjuna (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Arjuna (proper noun), white, bright

Note: Recipient of the speech.

कृष्णः (kṛṣṇaḥ) - Kṛṣṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛṣṇa

kṛṣṇa - Kṛṣṇa (proper noun), black, dark

Note: Subject of 'āha'.

त्वरन् (tvaran) - in haste, hurrying (hurrying, hastening)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvarat

tvarat - hurrying, hastening

Present Active Participle

Present Active Participle of root tvar (to hasten).

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Modifies Kṛṣṇa.

आह (āha) - said (he said)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of ah

perfect

3rd person singular perfect (lit), parasmaipada. Irregular perfect form.

Root: ah (class 2)

Note: Verb for Kṛṣṇa's speech.

वचः (vacaḥ) - words (word, speech)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, saying

Note: Object of 'āha'.

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial (beneficial, salutary, good, favorable)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, good, placed, done

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root dhā (to place, put), also used adjectivally.

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Modifies 'vacaḥ'.

पश्य (paśya) - behold (see, behold)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of paś

imperative

2nd person singular imperative, parasmaipada. Formed from root dṛś with substitution paśya-.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Arjuna.

अतिमान्यम् (atimānyam) - highly esteemed (highly respected, excessively proud)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of atimānya

atimānya - highly honored, greatly respected; too conceited

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Compound of ati (over, excessively) and mānya (to be honored/respected).

Compound type : prepositional tatpurusha (ati+mānya)

• ati – over, beyond, excessively
  indeclinable
• mānya – to be honored, respectable, estimable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Formed from root man (to think, honor) with suffix -ya.
  Root: man (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'rājānam'.

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king (Pāṇḍya king) (king)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Object of 'paśya'. Refers to the deceased Pāṇḍya king.

अपयातान् (apayātān) - those who have departed/fled (departed, fled, gone away)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of apayāta

apayāta - departed, fled, gone away

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root yā (to go) with prefix apa (away).

Compound type : prepositional tatpurusha (apa+yāta)

• apa – away, off, back
  indeclinable
• yāta – gone, departed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Past Passive Participle of root yā (to go).
  Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'pāṇḍavān'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

पाण्डवान् (pāṇḍavān) - the Pāṇḍavas (or their allies) (the Pāṇḍavas)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, Pāṇḍava (proper noun)

Derived from Pāṇḍu with patronymic suffix -a.

Note: Object of 'paśya', refers to the Pāṇḍava forces/allies.