महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-16, verse-1

धृतराष्ट्र उवाच ।
पाण्ड्ये हते किमकरोदर्जुनो युधि संजय ।
एकवीरेण कर्णेन द्रावितेषु परेषु च ॥१॥

1. dhṛtarāṣṭra uvāca ,
pāṇḍye hate kimakarodarjuno yudhi saṁjaya ,
ekavīreṇa karṇena drāviteṣu pareṣu ca.

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca pāṇḍye hate kim akarot arjunaḥ
yudhi sañjaya ekavīreṇa karṇena drāviteṣu pareṣu ca

1. dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ uvāca sañjaya,
pāṇḍye hate yudhi arjunaḥ kim akarot ca ekavīreṇa karṇena pareṣu drāviteṣu

1. Dhṛtarāṣṭra said: "O Sañjaya, what did Arjuna do in battle after the Pāṇḍya king was slain, and when the enemies had been put to flight by the singular hero Karṇa?"

Words meanings summery:

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• पाण्ड्ये (pāṇḍye) - when the Pāṇḍya (king)

• हते (hate) - when killed, when slain

• किम् (kim) - what?

• अकरोत् (akarot) - did he do, made he

• अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper name)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (proper name)

• एकवीरेण (ekavīreṇa) - by the sole hero

• कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa (proper name)

• द्रावितेषु (drāviteṣu) - when put to flight, when routed

• परेषु (pareṣu) - among the enemies, when the enemies

• च (ca) - and, also

Words meanings and morphology

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Name of a king, father of the Kauravas

Bahuvrīhi compound meaning 'one whose kingdom (rāṣṭra) is held (dhṛta)'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dhṛta+rāṣṭra)

• dhṛta – held, borne, maintained, supported
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhṛ ('to hold') + kta suffix
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rāṣṭra – kingdom, country, realm
  noun (neuter)
  From root rāj ('to rule') + ṣṭra suffix
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Reduplicated perfect form (Liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

पाण्ड्ये (pāṇḍye) - when the Pāṇḍya (king)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍya

pāṇḍya - belonging to the Pāṇḍu family; name of a kingdom/king in South India

From Pāṇḍu + ya (patronymic/geographical suffix)

हते (hate) - when killed, when slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed, struck

Past Passive Participle

From root han ('to strike, kill') + kta suffix

Root: han (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, why, how

Note: Object of 'akarot'.

अकरोत् (akarot) - did he do, made he

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past aorist (luṅ) of kṛ

Aorist form (Luṅ), 3rd person singular, active voice, parasmaipada.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्जुनः (arjunaḥ) - Arjuna (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arjuna

arjuna - Name of a Pāṇḍava hero, white, clear

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

From root yudh ('to fight') + i (suffix)

Root: yudh (class 4)

सञ्जय (sañjaya) - O Sañjaya (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - Name of Dhṛtarāṣṭra's charioteer and narrator

From sam-ji ('to conquer completely')

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

एकवीरेण (ekavīreṇa) - by the sole hero

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekavīra

ekavīra - sole hero, unique hero, peerless hero

Karmadhāraya compound: eka ('one') + vīra ('hero')

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+vīra)

• eka – one, sole, unique, singular
  adjective
• vīra – hero, brave man, warrior
  noun (masculine)
  From root vī ('to go, move, fight')
  Root: vī (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'karṇena'.

कर्णेन (karṇena) - by Karṇa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Name of a great warrior in the Mahābhārata, ear

द्रावितेषु (drāviteṣu) - when put to flight, when routed

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of drāvita

drāvita - put to flight, caused to flee, routed

Causal Past Passive Participle

From causal of root dru ('to run, flee') + kta suffix

Root: dru (class 1)

परेषु (pareṣu) - among the enemies, when the enemies

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of para

para - enemy, foe, stranger; other, supreme

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two locative absolute clauses.