महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-16, verse-19

द्विषन्मध्यमवस्कन्द्य राधेयो धनुरुत्तमम् ।
विधुन्वानः शितैर्बाणैः शिरांस्युन्मथ्य पातयत् ॥१९॥

19. dviṣanmadhyamavaskandya rādheyo dhanuruttamam ,
vidhunvānaḥ śitairbāṇaiḥ śirāṁsyunmathya pātayat.

19. dviṣat madhyam avaskandya rādheyaḥ dhanuḥ uttamam
vidhunvānaḥ śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ śirāṃsi unmathya pātayat

19. rādheyaḥ dviṣat madhyam avaskandya uttamam dhanuḥ
vidhunvānaḥ śitaiḥ bāṇaiḥ śirāṃsi unmathya pātayat

19. Karna, having assailed the ranks of his enemies, brandished his excellent bow and, with sharp arrows, crushed and made heads fall.

Words meanings summery:

• द्विषत् (dviṣat) - enemy (enemy, hostile, hating)

• मध्यम् (madhyam) - the midst (of the enemies) (middle, midst, center)

• अवस्कन्द्य (avaskandya) - having attacked, having assailed (having attacked, having assailed, having invaded)

• राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna (son of Rādhā, Karna)

• धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best (excellent, best, supreme)

• विधुन्वानः (vidhunvānaḥ) - brandishing (shaking, brandishing, agitating)

• शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp (with sharp, with whetted)

• बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

• शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - heads

• उन्मथ्य (unmathya) - having crushed (having crushed, having churned, having destroyed)

• पातयत् (pātayat) - he made fall (he caused to fall, he made fall, he felled)

Words meanings and morphology

द्विषत् (dviṣat) - enemy (enemy, hostile, hating)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dviṣat

dviṣat - hating, hostile, an enemy

Present Active Participle

From root dviṣ (to hate), present stem dviṣa-, participle dviṣat.

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Often used in singular to refer to 'the enemy' collectively.

मध्यम् (madhyam) - the midst (of the enemies) (middle, midst, center)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, central, interval, waist

अवस्कन्द्य (avaskandya) - having attacked, having assailed (having attacked, having assailed, having invaded)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root skand (to leap, to attack) with upasarga ava.

Prefix: ava

Root: skand (class 1)

राधेयः (rādheyaḥ) - Karna (son of Rādhā, Karna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rādheya

rādheya - son of Rādhā (an epithet for Karna)

Patronymic from rādhā.

धनुः (dhanuḥ) - bow

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhanus

dhanus - bow

Note: The nominative and accusative singular forms are identical (dhanuḥ). Context implies accusative.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, first

Superlative of ut.

विधुन्वानः (vidhunvānaḥ) - brandishing (shaking, brandishing, agitating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidhunvāna

vidhunvāna - shaking, brandishing

Present Middle Participle

From root dhū (to shake) with upasarga vi, present stem dhunu- (middle).

Prefix: vi

Root: dhū (class 5)

शितैः (śitaiḥ) - with sharp (with sharp, with whetted)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharp, whetted, sharpened

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen, to whet).

Root: śo (class 4)

बाणैः (bāṇaiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of bāṇa

bāṇa - arrow

शिरांसि (śirāṁsi) - heads

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of śiras

śiras - head, skull, summit

उन्मथ्य (unmathya) - having crushed (having crushed, having churned, having destroyed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root math (to churn, to agitate) with upasarga ut.

Prefix: ut

Root: math (class 1)

पातयत् (pātayat) - he made fall (he caused to fall, he made fall, he felled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of pātaya

Causative

Causative of root pat (to fall). The form pātayat is Imperfect 3rd singular active.

Root: pat (class 1)