महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-16, verse-32

रथै रथा विनिहता हस्तिनश्चापि हस्तिभिः ।
नरा नरवरैः पेतुरश्वाश्चाश्वैः सहस्रशः ॥३२॥

32. rathai rathā vinihatā hastinaścāpi hastibhiḥ ,
narā naravaraiḥ peturaśvāścāśvaiḥ sahasraśaḥ.

32. rathaiḥ rathāḥ vinihatāḥ hastinaḥ ca api hastibhiḥ
narāḥ naravaraiḥ petuḥ aśvāḥ ca aśvaiḥ sahasraśaḥ

32. rathāḥ rathaiḥ vinihatāḥ hastinaḥ ca api hastibhiḥ (vinihatāḥ)
narāḥ naravaraiḥ petuḥ aśvāḥ ca aśvaiḥ sahasraśaḥ (petuḥ)

32. Chariots were struck down by chariots, and elephants by elephants. Men, by the best of men, and horses, by horses, fell by the thousands.

Words meanings summery:

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

• रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

• विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

• हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

• च (ca) - and

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• हस्तिभिः (hastibhiḥ) - by elephants

• नराः (narāḥ) - men

• नरवरैः (naravaraiḥ) - by best of men, by excellent men

• पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

• अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

• च (ca) - and

• अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

• सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

Words meanings and morphology

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by chariots

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

रथाः (rathāḥ) - chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

विनिहताः (vinihatāḥ) - struck down, killed, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vinihata

vinihata - struck down, killed, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefixes 'vi' and 'ni'

Prefixes: vi+ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

हस्तिनः (hastinaḥ) - elephants

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hastin

hastin - elephant (having a hand/trunk)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle.

हस्तिभिः (hastibhiḥ) - by elephants

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of hastin

hastin - elephant

नराः (narāḥ) - men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being

नरवरैः (naravaraiḥ) - by best of men, by excellent men

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of naravara

naravara - best of men, excellent man

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+vara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vara – best, excellent, boon, choice
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Compound word.

पेतुः (petuḥ) - they fell

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of pat

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: From root 'pat' (to fall).

अश्वाः (aśvāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

अश्वैः (aśvaiḥ) - by horses

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśva

aśva - horse

सहस्रशः (sahasraśaḥ) - by thousands, in thousands

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'sahasra' (thousand) with the suffix 'śas' indicating distribution