महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-16, verse-34

नरांश्च नागांश्च रथान्हयान्ममृदुराहवे ।
अश्वारोहैर्हताः शूराश्छिन्नहस्ताश्च दन्तिनः ॥३४॥

34. narāṁśca nāgāṁśca rathānhayānmamṛdurāhave ,
aśvārohairhatāḥ śūrāśchinnahastāśca dantinaḥ.

34. narān ca nāgān ca rathān hayān mamṛduḥ āhave
aśvārohaiḥ hatāḥ śūrāḥ chinnahastāḥ ca dantinaḥ

34. āhave (yodhāḥ) narān ca nāgān ca rathān ca hayān ca mamṛduḥ
śūrāḥ aśvārohaiḥ hatāḥ ca chinnahastāḥ dantinaḥ (api hatāḥ)

34. In battle, they crushed men, elephants, chariots, and horses. Heroes were killed by cavalry, and elephants had their trunks severed.

Words meanings summery:

• नरान् (narān) - men

• च (ca) - and

• नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (elephants, snakes)

• च (ca) - and

• रथान् (rathān) - chariots

• हयान् (hayān) - horses

• ममृदुः (mamṛduḥ) - they crushed, they trampled, they ground

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• अश्वारोहैः (aśvārohaiḥ) - by horse-riders, by cavalry

• हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, struck, destroyed

• शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave warriors

• छिन्नहस्ताः (chinnahastāḥ) - (elephants) with severed trunks (with severed hands/trunks)

• च (ca) - and

• दन्तिनः (dantinaḥ) - elephants (lit. "having teeth/tusks")

Words meanings and morphology

नरान् (narān) - men

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nara

nara - man, human being

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

नागान् (nāgān) - elephants (elephants, snakes)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of nāga

nāga - serpent, elephant, mountain

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

रथान् (rathān) - chariots

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

हयान् (hayān) - horses

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse

Root: hī (class 3)

ममृदुः (mamṛduḥ) - they crushed, they trampled, they ground

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (Lit) of mṛd

Reduplicated perfect form of root 'mṛd'

Root: mṛd (class 9)

Note: From root 'mṛd' (to crush).

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war

From root 'hve' (to call) with prefix 'ā'

Prefix: ā

Root: hve (class 1)

अश्वारोहैः (aśvārohaiḥ) - by horse-riders, by cavalry

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of aśvāroha

aśvāroha - horse-rider, cavalryman

Compound type : upapada-tatpuruṣa (aśva+āroha)

• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider, ascending
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'ruh' (to ascend) with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

Note: Compound word.

हताः (hatāḥ) - killed, struck, destroyed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - struck, killed, wounded

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Past Passive Participle.

शूराः (śūrāḥ) - heroes, brave warriors

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, warrior

छिन्नहस्ताः (chinnahastāḥ) - (elephants) with severed trunks (with severed hands/trunks)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of chinnahasta

chinnahasta - having severed hands or trunks

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (chinna+hasta)

• chinna – severed, cut
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'chid' (to cut, sever)
  Root: chid (class 7)
• hasta – hand, arm, trunk (of an elephant)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Bahuvrihi compound.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Conjunction.

दन्तिनः (dantinaḥ) - elephants (lit. "having teeth/tusks")

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dantin

dantin - elephant (having tusks)

Possessive suffix 'in' from 'danta' (tooth/tusk)

Note: Also accusative singular, genitive singular. Here nominative plural.