महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-138, verse-11

द्रोणः पुरस्ताज्जघने तु शल्यस्तथा द्रौणिः पार्श्वतः सौबलश्च ।
स्वयं तु सर्वाणि बलानि राजन्राजाभ्ययाद्गोपयन्वै निशायाम् ॥११॥

11. droṇaḥ purastājjaghane tu śalya;stathā drauṇiḥ pārśvataḥ saubalaśca ,
svayaṁ tu sarvāṇi balāni rāja;nrājābhyayādgopayanvai niśāyām.

11. droṇaḥ purastāt jaghane tu śalyaḥ
tathā drauṇiḥ pārśvataḥ saubalaḥ ca
| svayam tu sarvāṇi balāni rājan
rājā abhyayāt gopayan vai niśāyām

11. rājan,
droṇaḥ purastāt,
tu śalyaḥ jaghane,
tathā ca drauṇiḥ pārśvataḥ ca saubalaḥ (āsan).
tu rājā svayam vai sarvāṇi balāni gopayan niśāyām abhyayāt.

11. O King, Droṇa was positioned at the front, while Śalya was at the rear. Drauṇi and Saubala were at the flanks. And the king himself (Duryodhana) advanced, indeed protecting all his forces during the night.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in front, at the front, eastward

• जघने (jaghane) - at the rear, in the back

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise

• द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā)

• पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - at the sides, at the flanks

• सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Saubala (Śakuni)

• च (ca) - and

• स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

• तु (tu) - but, indeed

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, entire

• बलानि (balāni) - forces, armies

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressing the speaker) (O King)

• राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (the king)

• अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he advanced, he went towards

• गोपयन् (gopayan) - protecting, guarding

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• निशायाम् (niśāyām) - in the night, during the night

Words meanings and morphology

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of the preceptor of the Kauravas and Pāṇḍavas)

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - in front, at the front, eastward

(indeclinable)

जघने (jaghane) - at the rear, in the back

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of jaghana

jaghana - hip, rear, hinder part

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

शल्यः (śalyaḥ) - Śalya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śalya

śalya - Śalya (name of the king of Madras)

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise

(indeclinable)

द्रौणिः (drauṇiḥ) - Drauṇi (Aśvatthāmā)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of drauṇi

drauṇi - son of Droṇa (Aśvatthāmā)

पार्श्वतः (pārśvataḥ) - at the sides, at the flanks

(indeclinable)

सौबलः (saubalaḥ) - Saubala (Śakuni)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saubala

saubala - son of Subala (Śakuni, maternal uncle of Duryodhana)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

स्वयम् (svayam) - himself, personally

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - but, indeed

(indeclinable)

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - all, entire

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole

बलानि (balāni) - forces, armies

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (addressing the speaker) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

राजा (rājā) - King Duryodhana (the king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अभ्ययात् (abhyayāt) - he advanced, he went towards

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of i

Derived from root `i` (to go) with prefix `abhi`.

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

गोपयन् (gopayan) - protecting, guarding

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gopayat

gopayat - protecting, guarding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `gup` (to protect) in causal form `gopay`.

Root: gup (class 10)

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

निशायाम् (niśāyām) - in the night, during the night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of niśā

niśā - night

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