महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-11, verse-19

तस्य जिह्ममभिप्रायं ज्ञात्वा द्रोणोऽर्थतत्त्ववित् ।
तं वरं सान्तरं तस्मै ददौ संचिन्त्य बुद्धिमान् ॥१९॥

19. tasya jihmamabhiprāyaṁ jñātvā droṇo'rthatattvavit ,
taṁ varaṁ sāntaraṁ tasmai dadau saṁcintya buddhimān.

19. tasya jihmam abhiprāyam jñātvā droṇaḥ arthatattvavit
tam varam sāntaram tasmai dadau saṃcintya buddhimān

19. buddhimān arthatattvavit droṇaḥ tasya jihmam abhiprāyam
jñātvā saṃcintya tasmai tam sāntaram varam dadau

19. Droṇa, who was intelligent and a knower of the true meaning of things (arthatattvavit), having understood his crooked intention, carefully considered and then granted him that boon with a specific condition.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्य (tasya) - his (Duryodhana's) (his, of him, of that)

• जिह्मम् (jihmam) - crooked, deceptive (crooked, dishonest, deceitful, sly)

• अभिप्रायम् (abhiprāyam) - intention (intention, design, opinion, meaning)

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Drona (name of a teacher/warrior))

• अर्थतत्ववित् (arthatatvavit) - knower of the true meaning of things (knower of the true meaning of things, expert in fundamental principles)

• तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

• वरम् (varam) - boon (boon, blessing, excellent thing)

• सान्तरम् (sāntaram) - with a specific condition (with an interval, with a space, with a condition/difference)

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (Duryodhana) (to him, to that)

• ददौ (dadau) - granted, gave (gave)

• संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having carefully considered (having considered well, having reflected upon)

• बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, discerning)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्य (tasya) - his (Duryodhana's) (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, implied from context.

जिह्मम् (jihmam) - crooked, deceptive (crooked, dishonest, deceitful, sly)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jihma

jihma - crooked, sly, dishonest, oblique

Note: Agrees with 'abhiprāyam'.

अभिप्रायम् (abhiprāyam) - intention (intention, design, opinion, meaning)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhiprāya

abhiprāya - intention, design, opinion, meaning

Prefix: abhi

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Object of 'jñātvā'.

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having understood (having known, having understood)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable participle, formed with -tvā

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'dadau'.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa (Drona (name of a teacher/warrior))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a character in the Mahābhārata, the preceptor of the Pāṇḍavas and Kauravas)

Note: Subject of 'dadau'.

अर्थतत्ववित् (arthatatvavit) - knower of the true meaning of things (knower of the true meaning of things, expert in fundamental principles)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthatatvavit

arthatatvavit - knower of the true meaning of things/principles

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+tattva+vid)

• artha – meaning, purpose, object, wealth
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vid – knower, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -vit from root 'vid' meaning 'to know'.
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Epithet for Droṇa.

तम् (tam) - that (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'varam'.

वरम् (varam) - boon (boon, blessing, excellent thing)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, excellent, choice

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Direct object of 'dadau'.

सान्तरम् (sāntaram) - with a specific condition (with an interval, with a space, with a condition/difference)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sāntara

sāntara - having an interval, with a condition, with a difference

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+antara)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'with'.
• antara – interval, space, difference, distinction, loophole
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'varam'.

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (Duryodhana) (to him, to that)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Indirect object of 'dadau'.

ददौ (dadau) - granted, gave (gave)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of dā

Perfect Tense

3rd person singular, perfect active indicative (reduplicated form)

Root: dā (class 3)

संचिन्त्य (saṁcintya) - having carefully considered (having considered well, having reflected upon)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

Indeclinable participle, formed with -ya after a prefix

Prefix: sam

Root: cit (class 10)

Note: Precedes the main verb 'dadau'.

बुद्धिमान् (buddhimān) - intelligent (intelligent, wise, discerning)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of buddhimat

buddhimat - intelligent, wise, discerning

Derived from 'buddhi' with suffix '-mat'

Note: Agrees with 'Droṇaḥ'.