महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-7, chapter-109, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
स तथा विरथः कर्णः पुनर्भीमेन निर्जितः ।
रथमन्यं समास्थाय सद्यो विव्याध पाण्डवम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
sa tathā virathaḥ karṇaḥ punarbhīmena nirjitaḥ ,
rathamanyaṁ samāsthāya sadyo vivyādha pāṇḍavam.

1. saṃjaya uvāca saḥ tathā virathaḥ karṇaḥ punaḥ bhīmena
nirjitaḥ ratham anyam samāsthāya sadyaḥ vivyādha pāṇḍavam

1. saṃjaya uvāca saḥ tathā virathaḥ karṇaḥ punaḥ bhīmena
nirjitaḥ anyam ratham samāsthāya sadyaḥ pāṇḍavam vivyādha

1. Sanjaya said: Having been thus dismounted from his chariot and defeated again by Bhima, Karna immediately mounted another chariot and pierced the Pandava (Bhima).

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• सः (saḥ) - referring to Karna (he, that)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, in that condition

• विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less, dismounted from his chariot

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

• भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhima

• निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - conquered, defeated, vanquished

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken up

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once, promptly

• विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck

• पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - referring to Bhima (the Pandava, son of Pandu)

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sanjaya (name of Dhritarashtra's charioteer)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sanjaya

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root `vac` (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

सः (saḥ) - referring to Karna (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner, in that condition

(indeclinable)

विरथः (virathaḥ) - chariot-less, dismounted from his chariot

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viratha

viratha - chariot-less, deprived of a chariot

`vi` (without) + `ratha` (chariot)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+ratha)

• vi – without, separation, negation
  indeclinable
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Modifies Karna.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - Karna

पुनः (punaḥ) - again, once more

(indeclinable)

भीमेन (bhīmena) - by Bhima

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bhīma

bhīma - Bhima, terrible, dreadful

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Agent of the passive participle `nirjitaḥ`.

निर्जितः (nirjitaḥ) - conquered, defeated, vanquished

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, defeated

Past Passive Participle

`nis` (upasarga) + root `ji` (to conquer) + `kta` (past passive participle suffix)

Prefix: nis

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Modifies Karna.

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot

अन्यम् (anyam) - another, other

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Modifies `ratham`.

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - having mounted, having ascended, having taken up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

`sam` (upasarga) + `ā` (upasarga) + root `sthā` (to stand) + `lyap` (gerund suffix for prefixed verbs)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive verb form.

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately, at once, promptly

(indeclinable)

विव्याध (vivyādha) - he pierced, he struck

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vyadh

Perfect Active

3rd person singular perfect active of root `vyadh` (4th class)

Root: vyadh (class 4)

पाण्डवम् (pāṇḍavam) - referring to Bhima (the Pandava, son of Pandu)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - a descendant of Pandu

patronymic

derived from `paṇḍu`