महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-53, verse-24

तस्मिन्युद्धे महारौद्रे वर्तमाने सुदारुणे ।
प्रत्यदृश्यन्त रथिनो धावमानाः समन्ततः ॥२४॥

24. tasminyuddhe mahāraudre vartamāne sudāruṇe ,
pratyadṛśyanta rathino dhāvamānāḥ samantataḥ.

24. tasmin yuddhe mahāraudre vartamāne sudāruṇe
pratyadṛśyanta rathinaḥ dhāvamānāḥ samantataḥ

24. tasmin mahāraudre sudāruṇe yuddhe vartamāne,
rathinaḥ samantataḥ dhāvamānāḥ pratyadṛśyanta

24. While that exceedingly fierce and extremely dreadful battle was ongoing, charioteers were seen running everywhere.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the war

• महारौद्रे (mahāraudre) - exceedingly fierce, very terrible, greatly dreadful

• वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - ongoing, existing, being present

• सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - extremely dreadful, very cruel, highly terrible

• प्रत्यदृश्यन्त (pratyadṛśyanta) - they were seen, they appeared

• रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

• धावमानाः (dhāvamānāḥ) - running, speeding, flowing

• समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in the battle, in the war

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, war, fight

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root yudh- (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

महारौद्रे (mahāraudre) - exceedingly fierce, very terrible, greatly dreadful

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mahāraudra

mahāraudra - very fierce, exceedingly terrible

Karmadhāraya compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'raudra' (fierce, dreadful).

Compound type : Karmadhāraya (mahā+raudra)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• raudra – fierce, dreadful, terrible, belonging to Rudra
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

वर्तमाने (vartamāne) - ongoing, existing, being present

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vartamāna

vartamāna - present, existing, being, current

Present Active Participle

Derived from root vṛt- (to exist, to turn) in ātmanepada.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

सुदारुणे (sudāruṇe) - extremely dreadful, very cruel, highly terrible

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very dreadful, exceedingly cruel

Compound formed with 'su-' (intensifying prefix) and 'dāruṇa' (dreadful).

Compound type : Avyayībhāva (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, exceedingly
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'yuddhe'.

प्रत्यदृश्यन्त (pratyadṛśyanta) - they were seen, they appeared

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Imperfect Tense, Passive Voice

Third person plural passive imperfect of root dṛś- (to see). The upasarga 'prati-' is incorporated.

Prefixes: prati+a

Root: dṛś (class 1)

रथिनः (rathinaḥ) - charioteers, warriors in chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - charioteer, warrior in a chariot, owner of a chariot

Derived from 'ratha' (chariot) with suffix '-in'.

धावमानाः (dhāvamānāḥ) - running, speeding, flowing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dhāvamāna

dhāvamāna - running, moving swiftly

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dhāv- (to run) in ātmanepada.

Root: dhāv (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rathinaḥ'.

समन्ततः (samantataḥ) - from all sides, everywhere

(indeclinable)