महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-53, verse-15

गजारोहा हयारोहान्पातयां चक्रिरे तदा ।
हयारोहा गजस्थांश्च तदद्भुतमिवाभवत् ॥१५॥

15. gajārohā hayārohānpātayāṁ cakrire tadā ,
hayārohā gajasthāṁśca tadadbhutamivābhavat.

15. gajārohāḥ hayārohān pātayāṃ cakrire tadā
hayārohāḥ gajasthān ca tat adbhutam iva abhavat

15. tadā gajārohāḥ hayārohān pātayāṃ cakrire ca
hayārohāḥ gajasthān tat adbhutam iva abhavat

15. Then, elephant riders caused horse riders to fall, and horse riders in turn caused those on elephants to fall. It was truly astonishing.

Words meanings summery:

• गजारोहाः (gajārohāḥ) - elephant riders

• हयारोहान् (hayārohān) - horse riders

• पातयाम् (pātayām) - having caused to fall, having struck down

• चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they caused (to fall) (they did, they made)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• हयारोहाः (hayārohāḥ) - horse riders

• गजस्थान् (gajasthān) - those standing on elephants, elephant-mounted (warriors)

• च (ca) - and, also

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, astonishing, amazing

• इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

• अभवत् (abhavat) - it was, it became

Words meanings and morphology

गजारोहाः (gajārohāḥ) - elephant riders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of gajāroha

gajāroha - an elephant rider

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+āroha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider; ascent, mounting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ruh with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

हयारोहान् (hayārohān) - horse riders

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of hayāroha

hayāroha - a horse rider

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+āroha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider; ascent, mounting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ruh with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

पातयाम् (pātayām) - having caused to fall, having struck down

(indeclinable)

Causative stem of √pat

Derived from causative root pāṭi.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form used in a periphrastic perfect construction with 'cakrire'.

चक्रिरे (cakrire) - they caused (to fall) (they did, they made)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, perfect (lit) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Used here as part of a periphrastic perfect construction with 'pātayām'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

हयारोहाः (hayārohāḥ) - horse riders

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hayāroha

hayāroha - a horse rider

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (haya+āroha)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• āroha – rider; ascent, mounting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root √ruh with prefix ā-
  Prefix: ā
  Root: ruh (class 1)

गजस्थान् (gajasthān) - those standing on elephants, elephant-mounted (warriors)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of gajastha

gajastha - standing on an elephant, mounted on an elephant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (gaja+stha)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• stha – standing, staying, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to 'those who are elephant-mounted'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

अद्भुतम् (adbhutam) - wonderful, astonishing, amazing

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adbhuta

adbhuta - wonderful, astonishing, prodigious, amazing

इव (iva) - like, as if, as it were

(indeclinable)

अभवत् (abhavat) - it was, it became

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)