महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-53, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
ततो व्यूढेष्वनीकेषु तावकेष्वितरेषु च ।
धनंजयो रथानीकमवधीत्तव भारत ।
शरैरतिरथो युद्धे पातयन्रथयूथपान् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
tato vyūḍheṣvanīkeṣu tāvakeṣvitareṣu ca ,
dhanaṁjayo rathānīkamavadhīttava bhārata ,
śarairatiratho yuddhe pātayanrathayūthapān.

1. saṃjaya uvāca tataḥ vyūḍheṣu anīkeṣu
tāvakeṣu itareṣu ca dhanaṃjayaḥ
ratha-anīkam avadhīt tava bhārata śaraiḥ
atirathaḥ yuddhe pātayan ratha-yūthapān

1. saṃjaya uvāca.
bhārata tataḥ tāvakeṣu itareṣu ca anīkeṣu vyūḍheṣu,
atirathaḥ dhanaṃjayaḥ yuddhe śaraiḥ ratha-yūthapān pātayan tava ratha-anīkam avadhīt.

1. Sañjaya said: O Bhārata, then, when both your armies and the others' were arrayed, Dhanañjaya, that great charioteer (atiratha), struck down your chariot divisions in battle with his arrows, felling the leaders of the chariot hosts.

Words meanings summery:

• संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - when arrayed, when drawn up

• अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies, among the forces

• तावकेषु (tāvakeṣu) - in your (armies), among your men

• इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in the other (armies), among the others' men

• च (ca) - and, also

• धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

• रथ-अनीकम् (ratha-anīkam) - the chariot division, the chariot army

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he struck down, he killed, he destroyed

• तव (tava) - your, of your

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)

• शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

• अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a great charioteer, a warrior who can fight many chariots

• युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in the fight

• पातयन् (pātayan) - causing to fall, felling, striking down

• रथ-यूथपान् (ratha-yūthapān) - the leaders of chariot hosts, the chiefs of chariot divisions

Words meanings and morphology

संजय (saṁjaya) - Sañjaya

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Sañjaya (proper name)

Note: Narrator of the Mahābhārata to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

3rd person singular, perfect active. Root √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

व्यूढेषु (vyūḍheṣu) - when arrayed, when drawn up

(participle)

Locative, neuter, plural of vyūḍha

vyūḍha - arrayed, drawn up, arranged (as an army)

Past Passive Participle

From vi-ud-√vah (to carry, arrange).

Prefixes: vi+ud

Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `anīkeṣu`.

अनीकेषु (anīkeṣu) - in the armies, among the forces

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of anīka

anīka - army, host, array, front of an army

तावकेषु (tāvakeṣu) - in your (armies), among your men

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of tāvaka

tāvaka - yours, belonging to you, your men

Derived from `tava` (your).

Note: Qualifies `anīkeṣu`.

इतरेषु (itareṣu) - in the other (armies), among the others' men

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, plural of itara

itara - other, another

Note: Qualifies `anīkeṣu`.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

धनंजयः (dhanaṁjayaḥ) - Dhanañjaya (Arjuna)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, name of Arjuna

Compound: `dhana` (wealth) + `jaya` (conquering).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
• jaya – victory, conquest, conqueror
  noun (masculine)
  From root √ji (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)

Note: One of Arjuna's names.

रथ-अनीकम् (ratha-anīkam) - the chariot division, the chariot army

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rathānīka

rathānīka - chariot army, division of chariots

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+anīka)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• anīka – army, division
  noun (neuter)

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he struck down, he killed, he destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past (Luṅ) of han

Aorist (Luṅ)

3rd person singular, aorist active. Root √han.

Root: han (class 2)

तव (tava) - your, of your

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Genitive singular of `yuṣmad`.

Note: Modifies `rathānīkam`.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, Indian

Adjective/noun derived from Bharata. Here used as a vocative.

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

शरैः (śaraiḥ) - with arrows

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow

Note: Instrument of action.

अतिरथः (atirathaḥ) - a great charioteer, a warrior who can fight many chariots

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of atiratha

atiratha - a great warrior (who can fight against many chariots), a mighty charioteer

`ati` (beyond, exceedingly) + `ratha` (chariot).

Compound type : praadi-samāsa (ati+ratha)

• ati – over, beyond, exceeding
  indeclinable (prefix)
• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Dhanañjaya.

युद्धे (yuddhe) - in battle, in the fight

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war

From root √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Specifies the location of the action.

पातयन् (pātayan) - causing to fall, felling, striking down

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pātayat

pātayat - causing to fall, felling, throwing down, striking down

Present Active Participle (causative)

Causative stem `pātaya-` from root `√pat` (to fall), with active participle suffix -śatṛ.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Describes Dhanañjaya's action while he struck.

रथ-यूथपान् (ratha-yūthapān) - the leaders of chariot hosts, the chiefs of chariot divisions

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of rathayūthapa

rathayūthapa - chief of a chariot division, leader of a chariot host

Compound: `ratha` (chariot) + `yūtha` (host, troop) + `pa` (protector, chief).

Compound type : tatpurusha (ratha+yūtha+pa)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• yūtha – multitude, host, troop
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, ruler, chief
  noun (masculine)
  From root √pā (to protect).
  Root: pā (class 2)