महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-4, verse-4

धर्म्यं देशय पन्थानं समर्थो ह्यसि वारणे ।
क्षुद्रं ज्ञातिवधं प्राहुर्मा कुरुष्व ममाप्रियम् ॥४॥

4. dharmyaṁ deśaya panthānaṁ samartho hyasi vāraṇe ,
kṣudraṁ jñātivadhaṁ prāhurmā kuruṣva mamāpriyam.

4. dharmyam deśaya panthānam samarthaḥ hi asi vāraṇe
kṣudram jñātivadham prāhuḥ mā kuruṣva mama apriyam

4. dharmyam panthānam deśaya hi vāraṇe samarthaḥ asi
kṣudram jñātivadham prāhuḥ mama apriyam mā kuruṣva

4. Please point out the path of righteousness (dharma), for you are certainly capable of preventing this calamity. They call the slaughter of kinsmen a petty act; do not do what is displeasing to me.

Words meanings summery:

• धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, just, lawful, conforming to dharma

• देशय (deśaya) - point out (the path) (show, teach, point out, instruct)

• पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the righteous path (path, way, road)

• समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable, able, competent

• हि (hi) - for, because (indeed, surely, because)

• असि (asi) - you are

• वारणे (vāraṇe) - in preventing (this calamity) (in warding off, in preventing, in restraining)

• क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - petty, insignificant, ignoble (small, petty, mean, contemptible)

• ज्ञातिवधम् (jñātivadham) - kinslaying, slaughter of relatives

• प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they call, they declare

• मा (mā) - do not (prohibitive) (do not, lest)

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, make, perform

• मम (mama) - to me (dative sense) (my, of me)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - what is displeasing (to me), a disservice (disagreeable, unpleasant, undesirable, disservice)

Words meanings and morphology

धर्म्यम् (dharmyam) - righteous, just, lawful, conforming to dharma

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharmya

dharmya - righteous, just, lawful, conforming to dharma

Derived from dharma

Note: Qualifies 'panthānam'.

देशय (deśaya) - point out (the path) (show, teach, point out, instruct)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of diś

Causative Imperative Active

Causative form of √diś, 2nd singular active imperative

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: The speaker (Dhṛtarāṣṭra) asks Vidura (the Muni) to show the path.

पन्थानम् (panthānam) - the righteous path (path, way, road)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pathin

pathin - path, way, road

Note: Object of 'deśaya'.

समर्थः (samarthaḥ) - capable, able, competent

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of samartha

samartha - capable, able, competent

Note: Predicative adjective for 'asi'.

हि (hi) - for, because (indeed, surely, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two clauses.

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Active

Present 2nd singular active of √as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied 'you' (Vidura).

वारणे (vāraṇe) - in preventing (this calamity) (in warding off, in preventing, in restraining)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of vāraṇa

vāraṇa - act of warding off, prevention, restraint

Derived from √vṛ 'to ward off'

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Locative case indicating the sphere of capability.

क्षुद्रम् (kṣudram) - petty, insignificant, ignoble (small, petty, mean, contemptible)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣudra

kṣudra - small, petty, mean, contemptible

Note: Qualifies 'jñātivadham'.

ज्ञातिवधम् (jñātivadham) - kinslaying, slaughter of relatives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñātivadha

jñātivadha - kinslaying, slaughter of relatives

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāti+vadha)

• jñāti – kinsman, relative
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – slaughter, killing
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from √vadh 'to strike, to kill'
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prāhuḥ'.

प्राहुः (prāhuḥ) - they say, they call, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of brū

Present Active

Present 3rd plural active of √brū with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Subject is implied 'people' or 'the wise'.

मा (mā) - do not (prohibitive) (do not, lest)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used with a verb in aorist or imperative to express prohibition.

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, make, perform

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative Middle

Imperative 2nd singular middle of √kṛ (class 8)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Addressed to Vidura.

मम (mama) - to me (dative sense) (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (pronoun)

Note: Possessive, here taking on a dative-like meaning with 'apriyam', 'unpleasant to me'.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - what is displeasing (to me), a disservice (disagreeable, unpleasant, undesirable, disservice)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, undesirable

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• priya – dear, pleasing, beloved
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Object of 'kuruṣva'.