महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-4, verse-25

एतानि जयमानानां लक्षणानि विशां पते ।
भवन्ति विपरीतानि मुमूर्षूणां जनाधिप ॥२५॥

25. etāni jayamānānāṁ lakṣaṇāni viśāṁ pate ,
bhavanti viparītāni mumūrṣūṇāṁ janādhipa.

25. etāni jayamānānām lakṣaṇāni viśām pate
bhavanti viparītāni mumūrṣūṇām janādhipa

25. viśām pate janādhipa etāni jayamānānām
lakṣaṇāni bhavanti mumūrṣūṇām viparītāni

25. O lord of the people (viśāṃ pate)! These are the signs of those who are victorious, but for those who are about to die, these very signs become their opposites, O king of men (janādhipa).

Words meanings summery:

• एतानि (etāni) - these

• जयमानानाम् (jayamānānām) - of those who are becoming victorious, of the victorious ones

• लक्षणानि (lakṣaṇāni) - signs, characteristics

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

• विपरीतानि (viparītāni) - opposite, reversed, contrary

• मुमूर्षूणाम् (mumūrṣūṇām) - of those wishing to die, of those about to die

• जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

Words meanings and morphology

एतानि (etāni) - these

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of etad

etad - this, these

जयमानानाम् (jayamānānām) - of those who are becoming victorious, of the victorious ones

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of jayamāna

jayamāna - victorious, winning, gaining victory

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer, to win) with 'śānac' suffix.

Root: ji (class 1)

लक्षणानि (lakṣaṇāni) - signs, characteristics

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - sign, mark, characteristic, symptom

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subject, settlement

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, owner

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - they are, they become

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

विपरीतानि (viparītāni) - opposite, reversed, contrary

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of viparīta

viparīta - opposite, contrary, reversed, adverse

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'vipra' and suffix 'kta'.

Compound type : Praadi-compound (vi+parīta)

• vi – apart, away, reversal, opposition
  indeclinable
• parīta – gone around, surrounded, embraced, opposite
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'i' (to go) with prefix 'pari' and suffix 'kta'.
  Prefix: pari
  Root: i (class 2)

मुमूर्षूणाम् (mumūrṣūṇām) - of those wishing to die, of those about to die

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mumūrṣu

mumūrṣu - desirous of dying, about to die

Desiderative Participle

Derived from desiderative stem of root 'mṛ' (to die), with 'u' suffix.

Root: mṛ (class 6)

जनाधिप (janādhipa) - O lord of men, O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of janādhipa

janādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound type : Tatpurusha (jana+adhipa)

• jana – person, man, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• adhipa – ruler, lord, master
  noun (masculine)