महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-4, verse-32

उपायविजयं श्रेष्ठमाहुर्भेदेन मध्यमम् ।
जघन्य एष विजयो यो युद्धेन विशां पते ।
महादोषः संनिपातस्ततो व्यङ्गः स उच्यते ॥३२॥

32. upāyavijayaṁ śreṣṭhamāhurbhedena madhyamam ,
jaghanya eṣa vijayo yo yuddhena viśāṁ pate ,
mahādoṣaḥ saṁnipātastato vyaṅgaḥ sa ucyate.

32. upāyavijayam śreṣṭham āhuḥ bhedena
madhyamam jaghanyaḥ eṣaḥ vijayaḥ
yaḥ yuddhena viśām pate mahādoṣaḥ
saṃnipātaḥ tataḥ vyaṅgaḥ saḥ ucyate

32. upāyavijayam śreṣṭham bhedena madhyamam
(iti) āhuḥ viśām pate yaḥ yuddhena
(vijayaḥ) eṣaḥ vijayaḥ jaghanyaḥ saṃnipātaḥ
mahādoṣaḥ tataḥ saḥ vyaṅgaḥ ucyate

32. They declare that victory achieved through strategic means (upāya) is the best, while victory through internal division (bheda) is considered middling. O lord of the people, the victory achieved through war (yuddha) is the worst. A military rout (saṃnipāta) is a major fault, and thus it is called a disadvantageous (vyaṅga) approach.

Words meanings summery:

• उपायविजयम् (upāyavijayam) - victory by strategy, strategic victory

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, excellent, supreme

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

• भेदेन (bhedena) - by causing internal division among enemies (by division, by breaking apart)

• मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - mediocre, middle, secondary

• जघन्यः (jaghanyaḥ) - lowest, worst, inferior

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

• विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by war, by battle

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - O lord, O master

• महादोषः (mahādoṣaḥ) - great fault, major flaw

• संनिपातः (saṁnipātaḥ) - rout, collapse, downfall (of an army)

• ततः (tataḥ) - thence, therefore, from that

• व्यङ्गः (vyaṅgaḥ) - defective, maimed, disadvantaged

• सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

• उच्यते (ucyate) - he/it is called, he/it is said

Words meanings and morphology

उपायविजयम् (upāyavijayam) - victory by strategy, strategic victory

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upāyavijaya

upāyavijaya - victory by means/strategy

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upāya+vijaya)

• upāya – means, expedient, strategy
  noun (masculine)
• vijaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: ji (class 1)

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, excellent, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, most excellent

Superlative degree of 'praśasya' (excellent)

Note: Agrees with upāyavijayam

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say, they declare

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (liṭ (used as laṭ)) of ah

Irregular present tense form, often translated as 'they say'

Root: ah (class 2)

भेदेन (bhedena) - by causing internal division among enemies (by division, by breaking apart)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - division, splitting, breaking, distinction

Root: bhid (class 7)

मध्यमम् (madhyamam) - mediocre, middle, secondary

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of madhyama

madhyama - middle, mediocre, intermediate, secondary

Note: Agrees with an implied 'vijayam' (victory)

जघन्यः (jaghanyaḥ) - lowest, worst, inferior

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaghanya

jaghanya - lowest, worst, last, contemptible

Note: Agrees with vijayaḥ

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

विजयः (vijayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijaya

vijaya - victory, triumph, conquest

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to vijayaḥ

युद्धेन (yuddhena) - by war, by battle

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - war, battle, fight

Root: yudh (class 4)

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, inhabitants, subjects

Root: viś (class 6)

पते (pate) - O lord, O master

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband

महादोषः (mahādoṣaḥ) - great fault, major flaw

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahādoṣa

mahādoṣa - great fault, serious defect

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+doṣa)

• mahat – great, large
  adjective
• doṣa – fault, defect, vice
  noun (masculine)

संनिपातः (saṁnipātaḥ) - rout, collapse, downfall (of an army)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃnipāta

saṁnipāta - rout, collapse, fall, confluence

Prefixes: sam+ni

Root: pat (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - thence, therefore, from that

(indeclinable)

व्यङ्गः (vyaṅgaḥ) - defective, maimed, disadvantaged

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyaṅga

vyaṅga - defective, maimed, crippled, disadvantaged

सः (saḥ) - he, that (one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to saṃnipātaḥ

उच्यते (ucyate) - he/it is called, he/it is said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)