महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-4, verse-18

इष्टा वाचः पृष्ठतो वायसानां संप्रस्थितानां च गमिष्यतां च ।
ये पृष्ठतस्ते त्वरयन्ति राजन्ये त्वग्रतस्ते प्रतिषेधयन्ति ॥१८॥

18. iṣṭā vācaḥ pṛṣṭhato vāyasānāṁ; saṁprasthitānāṁ ca gamiṣyatāṁ ca ,
ye pṛṣṭhataste tvarayanti rāja;nye tvagrataste pratiṣedhayanti.

18. iṣṭāḥ vācaḥ pṛṣṭataḥ vāyasānām
samprasthitānām ca gamiṣyatām ca
ye pṛṣṭataḥ te tvarayanti rājan
ye tu agrataḥ te pratiṣedhayanti

18. rājan iṣṭāḥ vācaḥ pṛṣṭataḥ vāyasānām
samprasthitānām ca gamiṣyatām
ca ye pṛṣṭataḥ te tvarayanti
ye tu agrataḥ te pratiṣedhayanti

18. The auspicious cries are those of crows originating from behind, whether they are already flying or about to fly. O King, those crows positioned behind urge one forward, while those in front obstruct the path.

Words meanings summery:

• इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - auspicious (desired, auspicious, agreeable)

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - cries, sounds (voices, words, cries)

• पृष्टतः (pṛṣṭataḥ) - from behind (from behind, in the rear)

• वायसानाम् (vāyasānām) - of crows

• सम्प्रस्थितानाम् (samprasthitānām) - of those crows who have already set out/flown (of those who have set forth, of those departed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• गमिष्यताम् (gamiṣyatām) - of those crows about to fly (of those who will go, of those about to go)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ये (ye) - those who (who (plural), those who)

• पृष्टतः (pṛṣṭataḥ) - from behind (from behind, in the rear)

• ते (te) - they (they, those (plural))

• त्वरयन्ति (tvarayanti) - they urge forward, they encourage speed (they hasten, they accelerate, they urge forward)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (O King, King)

• ये (ye) - those who (who (plural), those who)

• तु (tu) - but, while (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (in front, before, ahead)

• ते (te) - they (they, those (plural))

• प्रतिषेधयन्ति (pratiṣedhayanti) - they hinder, they obstruct (they hinder, they obstruct, they forbid)

Words meanings and morphology

इष्टाः (iṣṭāḥ) - auspicious (desired, auspicious, agreeable)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, worshipped, auspicious

Past Passive Participle

From root yaj (to sacrifice, worship)

Root: yaj (class 1)

वाचः (vācaḥ) - cries, sounds (voices, words, cries)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - voice, speech, word, sound

Root: vac (class 2)

पृष्टतः (pṛṣṭataḥ) - from behind (from behind, in the rear)

(indeclinable)

derived from pṛṣṭha (back) with tasil suffix

वायसानाम् (vāyasānām) - of crows

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vāyasa

vāyasa - crow

सम्प्रस्थितानाम् (samprasthitānām) - of those crows who have already set out/flown (of those who have set forth, of those departed)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of saṃprasthita

saṁprasthita - departed, set out, gone forth

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā (to stand) with sam- and pra-

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: sthā (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

गमिष्यताम् (gamiṣyatām) - of those crows about to fly (of those who will go, of those about to go)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gamiṣyat

gamiṣyat - going to, about to go, future

Future Active Participle

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - those who (who (plural), those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

पृष्टतः (pṛṣṭataḥ) - from behind (from behind, in the rear)

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - they (they, those (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, they

Note: Corresponds to ye.

त्वरयन्ति (tvarayanti) - they urge forward, they encourage speed (they hasten, they accelerate, they urge forward)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active (causative), present (laṭ) of tvar

causative present active indicative, third person plural

From root tvar (to hasten) with causative suffix -aya

Root: tvar (class 1)

राजन् (rājan) - O King (O King, King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

ये (ye) - those who (who (plural), those who)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

तु (tu) - but, while (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

अग्रतः (agrataḥ) - in front (in front, before, ahead)

(indeclinable)

derived from agra (front) with tasil suffix

ते (te) - they (they, those (plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, they

Note: Corresponds to ye.

प्रतिषेधयन्ति (pratiṣedhayanti) - they hinder, they obstruct (they hinder, they obstruct, they forbid)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active (causative), present (laṭ) of pratiṣedh

causative present active indicative, third person plural

From root sidh (to go, succeed) with prati- and causative suffix -aya

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)