महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-4, verse-22

इष्टो वातः प्रविष्टस्य दक्षिणा प्रविविक्षतः ।
पश्चात्संसाधयत्यर्थं पुरस्तात्प्रतिषेधते ॥२२॥

22. iṣṭo vātaḥ praviṣṭasya dakṣiṇā pravivikṣataḥ ,
paścātsaṁsādhayatyarthaṁ purastātpratiṣedhate.

22. iṣṭaḥ vātaḥ praviṣṭasya dakṣiṇā pravivikṣataḥ
paścāt saṃsādhayati artham purastāt pratiṣedhate

22. praviṣṭasya vātaḥ iṣṭaḥ,
pravivikṣataḥ dakṣiṇā (vāyuḥ) (iṣṭā) paścāt (vāyuḥ) artham saṃsādhayati,
purastāt pratiṣedhate

22. A favorable wind (is auspicious) for one who has entered, and a southern wind for one wishing to enter. However, a wind from behind accomplishes the objective, while one from the front hinders it.

Words meanings summery:

• इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - favorable, auspicious (desired, wished, beloved, sacrificed, auspicious, favorable)

• वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

• प्रविष्टस्य (praviṣṭasya) - of one who has entered, of the entered

• दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - southern (wind), favorable (southern, right, favorable, donation)

• प्रविविक्षतः (pravivikṣataḥ) - of one who wishes to enter

• पश्चात् (paścāt) - from behind (afterwards, behind, from behind, to the west)

• संसाधयति (saṁsādhayati) - accomplishes, effects, proves

• अर्थम् (artham) - objective, purpose (purpose, object, meaning, wealth)

• पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - from the front (in front, from in front, before, to the east)

• प्रतिषेधते (pratiṣedhate) - prevents, obstructs, forbids

Words meanings and morphology

इष्टः (iṣṭaḥ) - favorable, auspicious (desired, wished, beloved, sacrificed, auspicious, favorable)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of iṣṭa

iṣṭa - desired, wished, liked, loved, worshipped, sacrificed, favorable, propitious

Past Passive Participle

From root yaj (to sacrifice, worship) or iṣ (to wish, desire) with suffix -ta. Here, likely from iṣ.

Root: iṣ (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'vātaḥ'.

वातः (vātaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāta

vāta - wind, air, god of wind

From root vā 'to blow'.

Root: vā (class 2)

प्रविष्टस्य (praviṣṭasya) - of one who has entered, of the entered

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, having entered, penetrated

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + root viś (to enter) with suffix -ta.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

दक्षिणा (dakṣiṇā) - southern (wind), favorable (southern, right, favorable, donation)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dakṣiṇā

dakṣiṇā - southern, right (direction), clever, expert, favorable, a sacrificial fee/gift

Feminine form of dakṣiṇa.

Note: Refers to 'a southern wind' or 'a favorable direction'.

प्रविविक्षतः (pravivikṣataḥ) - of one who wishes to enter

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pravivikṣat

pravivikṣat - wishing to enter, desirous of entering

Present Active Desiderative Participle

From pra- + root viś (to enter) + desiderative suffix -sa + present active participle suffix -at.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

पश्चात् (paścāt) - from behind (afterwards, behind, from behind, to the west)

(indeclinable)

संसाधयति (saṁsādhayati) - accomplishes, effects, proves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of saṃsādh

Present tense, active voice, causative.

From saṃ- + root sādh (to accomplish) in causative form.

Prefix: sam

Root: sādh (class 5)

अर्थम् (artham) - objective, purpose (purpose, object, meaning, wealth)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - aim, purpose, object, meaning, wealth, thing

Root: ṛ

Note: Object of 'saṃsādhayati'.

पुरस्तात् (purastāt) - from the front (in front, from in front, before, to the east)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिषेधते (pratiṣedhate) - prevents, obstructs, forbids

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pratiṣidh

Present tense, middle voice.

From prati- + root sidh (to accomplish, repel). Here, middle voice with 'prati' means to obstruct.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)