महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-101, verse-33

ततो युद्धं महाघोरं प्रावर्तत सुदारुणम् ।
अपरां दिशमास्थाय द्योतमाने दिवाकरे ॥३३॥

33. tato yuddhaṁ mahāghoraṁ prāvartata sudāruṇam ,
aparāṁ diśamāsthāya dyotamāne divākare.

33. tataḥ yuddham mahāghoram prāvartata sudāruṇam
aparām diśam āsthāya dyotamāne divākare

33. tataḥ aparām diśam āsthāya dyotamāne divākare
mahāghoram sudāruṇam yuddham prāvartata

33. Then, an exceedingly dreadful and fierce battle commenced. This occurred as the sun shone, having taken its position in the western direction (indicating afternoon).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, war, fight)

• महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - exceedingly dreadful (very dreadful, exceedingly terrible)

• प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - commenced (commenced, began, happened)

• सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - and fierce (very cruel, very fierce, exceedingly terrible)

• अपराम् (aparām) - western (western, latter, other)

• दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter)

• आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken its position (having stood upon, having taken position, having resorted to)

• द्योतमाने (dyotamāne) - shining (shining, gleaming, radiant)

• दिवाकरे (divākare) - as the sun (shone) (in the sun, in the maker of day)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad, used adverbially.

युद्धम् (yuddham) - battle (battle, war, fight)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yuddha

yuddha - battle, fight, war, combat

Past Passive Participle

From √yudh (to fight).

Root: yudh (class 4)

महाघोरम् (mahāghoram) - exceedingly dreadful (very dreadful, exceedingly terrible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahāghora

mahāghora - very dreadful, exceedingly terrible, awful

Compound: mahā (great) + ghora (dreadful).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ghora)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• ghora – dreadful, terrible, fierce
  adjective (masculine)

प्रावर्तत (prāvartata) - commenced (commenced, began, happened)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (laṅ) of pravart

Imp. Middle

Form of √vṛt (to turn, exist) with upasarga pra. Imperfect tense, middle voice.

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

सुदारुणम् (sudāruṇam) - and fierce (very cruel, very fierce, exceedingly terrible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sudāruṇa

sudāruṇa - very cruel, very fierce, exceedingly terrible/harsh

Compound: su (good, intense) + dāruṇa (terrible, harsh). Here 'su' acts as an intensifier.

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+dāruṇa)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• dāruṇa – dreadful, terrible, cruel, harsh
  adjective (masculine)

अपराम् (aparām) - western (western, latter, other)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of apara

apara - western, posterior, other, latter

दिशम् (diśam) - direction (direction, quarter)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of diś

diś - direction, quarter of the sky

From √diś (to point out).

Root: diś (class 6)

आस्थाय (āsthāya) - having taken its position (having stood upon, having taken position, having resorted to)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund) with prefix

Indeclinable past participle (absolutive) of √sthā with upasarga ā.

Prefix: ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Relates to `divākare`.

द्योतमाने (dyotamāne) - shining (shining, gleaming, radiant)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of dyotamāna

dyotamāna - shining, gleaming, radiant, illuminating

Present Middle Participle

Present participle of √dyut (to shine) in middle voice (śānac affix).

Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially with locative absolute construction.

दिवाकरे (divākare) - as the sun (shone) (in the sun, in the maker of day)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of divākara

divākara - sun, maker of day

Compound: divā (by day) + kara (maker).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (divā+kara)

• divā – by day, in the daytime
  indeclinable
• kara – maker, doer
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)