महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-101, verse-16

ततो युधिष्ठिरो राजा माद्रीपुत्रौ च पाण्डवौ ।
प्रत्यघ्नंस्तरसा वेगं समरे हयसादिनाम् ॥१६॥

16. tato yudhiṣṭhiro rājā mādrīputrau ca pāṇḍavau ,
pratyaghnaṁstarasā vegaṁ samare hayasādinām.

16. tataḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā mādrīputrau ca pāṇḍavau
pratyaghnam tarasā vegam samare hayasādinām

16. tataḥ rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ca mādrīputrau pāṇḍavau samare hayasādinām vegam tarasā pratyaghnam.

16. Then King Yudhiṣṭhira and the two Pāṇḍava sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) forcefully repelled the charge of the horse-riders in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sons of Mādrī)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• पाण्डवौ (pāṇḍavau) - the two Pāṇḍavas

• प्रत्यघ्नम् (pratyaghnam) - they forcefully repelled (they countered, they struck back)

• तरसा (tarasā) - with force, vigorously (with speed, with force, vigorously)

• वेगम् (vegam) - the charge (impetus, speed, charge, force)

• समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• हयसादिनाम् (hayasādinām) - of the horse-riders (cavalry) (of horse-riders, of cavalry)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thence, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas'

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - King Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava)

Compound type : tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  From root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: One of the subjects of 'pratyaghnam'.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'yudhiṣṭhiraḥ'.

माद्रीपुत्रौ (mādrīputrau) - the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva) (the two sons of Mādrī)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīputra

mādrīputra - son of Mādrī

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+putra)

• mādrī – Mādrī (name of Pāṇḍu's second wife)
  proper noun (feminine)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: One of the subjects of 'pratyaghnam'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the subjects.

पाण्डवौ (pāṇḍavau) - the two Pāṇḍavas

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, relating to the Pāṇḍavas

Derivative of Pāṇḍu

Note: Qualifies 'mādrīputrau'.

प्रत्यघ्नम् (pratyaghnam) - they forcefully repelled (they countered, they struck back)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of han

Imperfect tense, active voice, plural

From prati-han (to strike back, to repel, to counter)

Prefix: prati

Root: han (class 2)

Note: The ending 'n' (after 'm') indicates plural.

तरसा (tarasā) - with force, vigorously (with speed, with force, vigorously)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of taras

taras - speed, swiftness, force, vigor

Root: tṝ (class 1)

Note: Adverbial instrumental.

वेगम् (vegam) - the charge (impetus, speed, charge, force)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, current, impetus, charge

From vij (to move rapidly)

Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Object of 'pratyaghnam'.

समरे (samare) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of samara

samara - battle, war, conflict

Root: mṛ (class 1)

Note: Indicates location.

हयसादिनाम् (hayasādinām) - of the horse-riders (cavalry) (of horse-riders, of cavalry)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of hayasādin

hayasādin - horse-rider, cavalryman

Agent noun from sādin (rider) on haya (horse).

Compound type : tatpurusha (haya+sādin)

• haya – horse
  noun (masculine)
• sādin – rider, charioteer
  noun (masculine)
  From root sad (to sit)
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Specifies whose 'vegam' (charge).