महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-101, verse-1

संजय उवाच ।
दृष्ट्वा भीष्मं रणे क्रुद्धं पाण्डवैरभिसंवृतम् ।
यथा मेघैर्महाराज तपान्ते दिवि भास्करम् ॥१॥

1. saṁjaya uvāca ,
dṛṣṭvā bhīṣmaṁ raṇe kruddhaṁ pāṇḍavairabhisaṁvṛtam ,
yathā meghairmahārāja tapānte divi bhāskaram.

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca dṛṣṭvā bhīṣmam raṇe kruddham pāṇḍavaiḥ
abhisaṃvṛtam yathā meghaiḥ mahārāja tapānte divi bhāskaram

1. sañjayaḥ uvāca mahārāja dṛṣṭvā bhīṣmam raṇe kruddham
pāṇḍavaiḥ abhisaṃvṛtam yathā tapānte divi meghaiḥ bhāskaram

1. Sañjaya said: O Great King, upon seeing Bhīṣma, enraged in battle and surrounded by the Pāṇḍavas, just as the sun (bhāskara) in the sky is encompassed by clouds at the end of summer.

Words meanings summery:

• सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

• भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma, the commander of the Kaurava army (Bhīṣma (name of a warrior))

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the war

• क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry

• पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

• अभिसंवृतम् (abhisaṁvṛtam) - completely surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• मेघैः (meghaiḥ) - by clouds

• महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O Great King, Your Majesty)

• तपान्ते (tapānte) - at the end of the hot season, at summer's end

• दिवि (divi) - in the sky (in the sky, in heaven)

• भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun (the sun, the light-maker)

Words meanings and morphology

सञ्जयः (sañjayaḥ) - Sañjaya (name of Vyāsa's disciple)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sañjaya

sañjaya - victorious, triumphal; name of the charioteer and reporter to Dhṛtarāṣṭra

From sam-ji (to conquer completely)

Prefix: sam

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect (Lit)

Root 'vac' (strong form often 'uk', 'uvac' in perfect)

Root: vac (class 2)

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, having perceived

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from root 'dṛś' (past participle stem 'dṛṣṭa') with suffix '-tvā'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

भीष्मम् (bhīṣmam) - Bhīṣma, the commander of the Kaurava army (Bhīṣma (name of a warrior))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of a famous warrior

From root bhī (to fear) + kṣma

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Object of dṛṣṭvā.

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in the war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat, fight

Root: raṇ (class 1)

क्रुद्धम् (kruddham) - enraged, angry

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kruddha

kruddha - angry, enraged, furious

Past Passive Participle

Formed from root 'krudh' (to be angry) with kta suffix.

Root: krudh (class 4)

पाण्डवैः (pāṇḍavaiḥ) - by the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - son of Pāṇḍu, descendant of Pāṇḍu

अभिसंवृतम् (abhisaṁvṛtam) - completely surrounded (surrounded, encompassed)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of abhisaṃvṛta

abhisaṁvṛta - surrounded, encompassed, covered from all sides

Past Passive Participle

From root vṛ (to cover, surround) with prefixes abhi- and sam-

Prefixes: abhi+sam

Root: vṛ (class 5)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

मेघैः (meghaiḥ) - by clouds

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of megha

megha - cloud, thundercloud

From root mih (to sprinkle, shed)

Root: mih (class 1)

महाराज (mahārāja) - Vocative address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra. (O Great King, Your Majesty)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

तपान्ते (tapānte) - at the end of the hot season, at summer's end

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tapānta

tapānta - end of the hot season, end of summer

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tapa+anta)

• tapa – heat, hot season, summer
  noun (masculine)
  From root tap (to heat, suffer)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• anta – end, limit, boundary
  noun (masculine)

दिवि (divi) - in the sky (in the sky, in heaven)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of div

div - sky, heaven, day

Root: div (class 4)

भास्करम् (bhāskaram) - the sun (the sun, the light-maker)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāskara

bhāskara - light-maker, sun

From bhās (light) + kara (maker)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhās+kara)

• bhās – light, luster, splendor
  noun (feminine)
  From root bhās (to shine)
  Root: bhās (class 1)
• kara – making, doing, maker, hand, ray
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)