महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-101, verse-17

उद्वृत्तस्य महाराज प्रावृट्कालेन पूर्यतः ।
पौर्णमास्यामम्बुवेगं यथा वेला महोदधेः ॥१७॥

17. udvṛttasya mahārāja prāvṛṭkālena pūryataḥ ,
paurṇamāsyāmambuvegaṁ yathā velā mahodadheḥ.

17. udvṛttasya mahārāja prāvṛṭkālena pūryataḥ
paurṇamāsyām ambuvegam yathā velā mahodadheḥ

17. mahārāja,
yathā prāvṛṭkālena pūryataḥ udvṛttasya ambuvegam paurṇamāsyām mahodadheḥ velā [dhārayati].

17. O great king, just as on a full moon, the shore (velā) of the great ocean (mahodadhi) restrains the swollen rush of waters, which are filled by the rainy season.

Words meanings summery:

• उद्वृत्तस्य (udvṛttasya) - of the swollen (rush of water) (of the swollen, of the risen, of the overflowing)

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

• प्रावृट्कालेन (prāvṛṭkālena) - by the rainy season

• पूर्यतः (pūryataḥ) - of the waters being filled (of that which is being filled, of that which is filled)

• पौर्णमास्याम् (paurṇamāsyām) - on the full moon (day) (on the full moon (day/night))

• अम्बुवेगम् (ambuvegam) - the rush of water (rush of water, current of water)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

• वेला (velā) - the shore, the boundary (of the ocean) (shore, coast, boundary, limit, time)

• महोदधेः (mahodadheḥ) - of the great ocean

Words meanings and morphology

उद्वृत्तस्य (udvṛttasya) - of the swollen (rush of water) (of the swollen, of the risen, of the overflowing)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of udvṛtta

udvṛtta - risen, swollen, overflowed, unruly

Past Passive Participle

From ut-vṛt (to rise up, to swell up)

Prefix: ut

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to the state of the water.

महाराज (mahārāja) - O great king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārājan

mahārājan - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+rājan)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Direct address.

प्रावृट्कालेन (prāvṛṭkālena) - by the rainy season

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of prāvṛṭkāla

prāvṛṭkāla - rainy season

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāvṛṣ+kāla)

• prāvṛṣ – rainy season, rain
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• kāla – time, season
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kal (class 10)

Note: Agent of 'pūryataḥ'.

पूर्यतः (pūryataḥ) - of the waters being filled (of that which is being filled, of that which is filled)

(adjective)

Genitive, neuter, singular of pūryat

pūryat - being filled, being nourished

Present Passive Participle

From pū (to fill) in passive voice

Root: pū (class 9)

Note: Describes the water as being filled.

पौर्णमास्याम् (paurṇamāsyām) - on the full moon (day) (on the full moon (day/night))

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of paurṇamāsī

paurṇamāsī - full moon day, full moon night

From pūrṇa-māsa (full month)

Note: Indicates time.

अम्बुवेगम् (ambuvegam) - the rush of water (rush of water, current of water)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ambuvega

ambuvega - current of water, rush of water

Compound type : tatpurusha (ambu+vega)

• ambu – water
  noun (neuter)
• vega – speed, velocity, current, impetus
  noun (masculine)
  From vij (to move rapidly)
  Root: vij (class 6)

Note: Object of an implied verb like 'holds'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (just as, as, according to)

(indeclinable)

Note: Introduces the simile.

वेला (velā) - the shore, the boundary (of the ocean) (shore, coast, boundary, limit, time)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of velā

velā - shore, coast, boundary, limit, time, tide

Root: vil (class 1)

महोदधेः (mahodadheḥ) - of the great ocean

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mahodadhi

mahodadhi - great ocean, sea

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+udadhi)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• udadhi – ocean, sea (literally "water-holder")
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Possession of 'velā'.