महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-135, verse-17

यत्तु सा बृहती श्यामा सभायां रुदती तदा ।
अश्रौषीत्परुषा वाचस्तन्मे दुःखतरं मतम् ॥१७॥

17. yattu sā bṛhatī śyāmā sabhāyāṁ rudatī tadā ,
aśrauṣītparuṣā vācastanme duḥkhataraṁ matam.

17. yat tu sā bṛhatī śyāmā sabhāyām rudatī tadā
aśrauṣīt paruṣā vācaḥ tat me duḥkhataram matam

17. tu yat sā bṛhatī śyāmā tadā sabhāyām rudatī
paruṣāḥ vācaḥ aśrauṣīt tat me duḥkhataram matam

17. But what that tall, dark-complexioned woman, weeping in the assembly then, heard as harsh words – that is considered by me to be even more sorrowful.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, what, that (as conjunction)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

• बृहती (bṛhatī) - tall, great, large

• श्यामा (śyāmā) - Refers to Draupadi, known for her dark complexion. (dark-complexioned, dark, young woman)

• सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the hall, in the court

• रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अश्रौषीत् (aśrauṣīt) - she heard

• परुषा (paruṣā) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

• वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, utterances

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the whole preceding event of Draupadi hearing harsh words. (that (neuter))

• मे (me) - In a passive construction, it functions as 'by me' (instrumental agent). (by me, to me, of me)

• दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more painful, more grievous

• मतम् (matam) - considered, thought, opined

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, what, that (as conjunction)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Used as a relative pronoun introducing a clause.

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

सा (sā) - she, that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, he, it

बृहती (bṛhatī) - tall, great, large

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bṛhat

bṛhat - large, great, tall, elevated

श्यामा (śyāmā) - Refers to Draupadi, known for her dark complexion. (dark-complexioned, dark, young woman)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śyāmā

śyāmā - dark, dark-complexioned, a young woman, a beloved

सभायाम् (sabhāyām) - in the assembly, in the hall, in the court

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of sabhā

sabhā - assembly, council, court, hall

रुदती (rudatī) - weeping, crying

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Derived from the root rud (to weep) with the present participle suffix -at.

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'sā' (she).

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अश्रौषीत् (aśrauṣīt) - she heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

परुषा (paruṣā) - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe, unkind

Note: Agrees with 'vācaḥ' (words).

वाचः (vācaḥ) - words, speeches, utterances

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice, utterance

Note: Object of 'aśrauṣīt' (heard).

तत् (tat) - Refers to the whole preceding event of Draupadi hearing harsh words. (that (neuter))

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मे (me) - In a passive construction, it functions as 'by me' (instrumental agent). (by me, to me, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I

Note: Enclitic form of asmad, used here with passive participle 'matam'.

दुःखतरम् (duḥkhataram) - more sorrowful, more painful, more grievous

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhatara

duḥkhatara - more sorrowful, more painful

Comparative degree of 'duḥkha' (sorrowful).

Note: Predicate adjective for 'tat'.

मतम् (matam) - considered, thought, opined

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mata

mata - considered, thought, opined, believed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root man (to think) with the past participle suffix -ta.

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tat' (that).