महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-135, verse-15

यच्च वः प्रेक्षमाणानां सर्वधर्मोपचायिनी ।
पाञ्चाली परुषाण्युक्ता को नु तत्क्षन्तुमर्हति ॥१५॥

15. yacca vaḥ prekṣamāṇānāṁ sarvadharmopacāyinī ,
pāñcālī paruṣāṇyuktā ko nu tatkṣantumarhati.

15. yat ca vaḥ prekṣamāṇānām sarvadharmopacāyinī
pāñcālī paruṣāṇi uktā kaḥ nu tat kṣantum arhati

15. ca vaḥ prekṣamāṇānām sarvadharmopacāyinī pāñcālī
paruṣāṇi uktā yat tat nu kaḥ kṣantum arhati

15. And that cruel words were spoken to Panchali, who upholds all moral codes (dharma), while you all stood watching – who indeed could forgive such a thing?

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - which, that, because, as

• च (ca) - and, also

• वः (vaḥ) - to you, of you, your

• प्रेक्षमाणानाम् (prekṣamāṇānām) - of those looking on, while you were observing

• सर्वधर्मोपचायिनी (sarvadharmopacāyinī) - observing all duties (dharma), maintaining all laws

• पाञ्चाली (pāñcālī) - Panchali (Draupadi)

• परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, cruel things

• उक्ता (uktā) - spoken, said

• कः (kaḥ) - who

• नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

• तत् (tat) - that (thing), it

• क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to tolerate, to endure

• अर्हति (arhati) - he is able, he deserves, he ought

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - which, that, because, as

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - which, that, because, as, in as much as

Note: Refers to the whole following clause.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects with the previous verse's context or introduces a new point.

वः (vaḥ) - to you, of you, your

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to the Pandavas or others present.

प्रेक्षमाणानाम् (prekṣamāṇānām) - of those looking on, while you were observing

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prekṣamāṇa

prekṣamāṇa - looking on, observing, seeing

Present Middle Participle

From prefix pra- + root √īkṣ (to see) + śānac suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the onlookers (e.g., Pandavas) during Draupadi's disrobing.

सर्वधर्मोपचायिनी (sarvadharmopacāyinī) - observing all duties (dharma), maintaining all laws

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of sarvadharmopacāyinī

sarvadharmopacāyin - one who gathers/collects/practices all moral codes (dharma)

Agent noun (ṇin suffix)

From prefix upa- + root √ci (to gather, collect) + ṇin suffix, compounded with sarvadharma.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+dharma+upacāyin)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, moral code, natural law
  noun (masculine)
• upacāyin – one who gathers, accumulates, practises
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun
  From prefix upa- + root √ci (to gather, collect) + ṇin suffix
  Prefix: upa
  Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Agrees with pāñcālī.

पाञ्चाली (pāñcālī) - Panchali (Draupadi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of pāñcālī

pāñcālī - Draupadi, princess of Panchala

Note: Subject of the action.

परुषाणि (paruṣāṇi) - harsh words, cruel things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of paruṣa

paruṣa - harsh, rough, cruel, severe

Note: Object of uktā.

उक्ता (uktā) - spoken, said

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told

Past Passive Participle

From root √vac (to speak), irregular past participle.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Implies 'was spoken'.

कः (kaḥ) - who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Subject of arhati.

नु (nu) - indeed, now, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the question.

तत् (tat) - that (thing), it

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of kṣantum arhati.

क्षन्तुम् (kṣantum) - to forgive, to tolerate, to endure

(verb)

active, infinitive of √kṣam

Infinitive

Formed from root √kṣam (to endure, forgive) + tumun suffix.

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Used with arhati.

अर्हति (arhati) - he is able, he deserves, he ought

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of √arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: The subject is kaḥ.