महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-5, chapter-135, verse-16

न राज्यहरणं दुःखं द्यूते चापि पराजयः ।
प्रव्राजनं सुतानां वा न मे तद्दुःखकारणम् ॥१६॥

16. na rājyaharaṇaṁ duḥkhaṁ dyūte cāpi parājayaḥ ,
pravrājanaṁ sutānāṁ vā na me tadduḥkhakāraṇam.

16. na rājyaharaṇam duḥkham dyūte ca api parājayaḥ
pravrājanam sutānām vā na me tat duḥkhakāraṇam

16. rājyaharaṇam duḥkham na,
dyūte ca api parājayaḥ [duḥkham na],
vā sutānām pravrājanam na; tat me duḥkhakāraṇam na

16. Neither the loss of the kingdom, nor defeat in the game of dice, nor the exile of my sons is a cause of sorrow for me. That is not the reason for my distress.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no

• राज्यहरणम् (rājyaharaṇam) - loss of kingdom, seizure of kingdom

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in the game of dice that led to their defeat and exile (in gambling, in the game of dice)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - their defeat in the game of dice (defeat, conquest (of another))

• प्रव्राजनम् (pravrājanam) - exile, banishment, causing to wander forth

• सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of the sons

• वा (vā) - or, either

• न (na) - not, no

• मे (me) - to me, my

• तत् (tat) - that (thing), it

• दुःखकारणम् (duḥkhakāraṇam) - cause of sorrow, reason for misery

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following noun.

राज्यहरणम् (rājyaharaṇam) - loss of kingdom, seizure of kingdom

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājyaharaṇa

rājyaharaṇa - the taking away or seizure of a kingdom

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājya+haraṇa)

• rājya – kingdom, reign, dominion
  noun (neuter)
• haraṇa – taking, seizing, carrying off, removal
  noun (neuter)
  agent noun/verbal noun
  From root √hṛ (to take, carry) + ana suffix.
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied predicate 'is'.

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, misery, suffering, pain, unhappiness

Note: Predicate noun.

द्यूते (dyūte) - in the game of dice that led to their defeat and exile (in gambling, in the game of dice)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - gambling, game of dice

From root √dyut (to shine, also associated with dice games)

Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Indicates the circumstances.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - their defeat in the game of dice (defeat, conquest (of another))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, vanquishing, conquest of another

From prefix parā- + root √ji (to conquer)

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied predicate 'is'.

प्रव्राजनम् (pravrājanam) - exile, banishment, causing to wander forth

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pravrājana

pravrājana - exile, banishment, wandering forth

verbal noun

From prefix pra- + root √vraj (to wander) + ana suffix (causative meaning: causing to wander forth)

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

Note: Subject of implied predicate 'is'.

सुतानाम् (sutānām) - of the sons

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of suta

suta - son, offspring

Past Passive Participle (from √sū 'to bear, produce')

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Possessive for pravrājanam.

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the entire clause 'that is the cause of my sorrow'.

मे (me) - to me, my

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Refers to the speaker (Draupadi).

तत् (tat) - that (thing), it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Subject of the negated predicate.

दुःखकारणम् (duḥkhakāraṇam) - cause of sorrow, reason for misery

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkhakāraṇa

duḥkhakāraṇa - cause of sorrow/misery

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (duḥkha+kāraṇa)

• duḥkha – sorrow, misery, pain
  noun (neuter)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  verbal noun
  From root √kṛ (to do, make) + ana suffix.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate noun of the clause.